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AP Biology Preinstruction Test 2010-11

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
 
Use the diagram below to answer the question(s) that follow.
nar001-1.jpg
 

 1. 
Which point on the curve in the diagram above best represents the carrying capacity of the environment for the population shown?
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 2. 
A couple has 5 children, all sons.  If the woman gives birth to a sixth child, what is the probability that the sixth child will be a son?
a.
1/64
b.
1/6
c.
1/5
d.
5/6
e.
1/2
 

 3. 
Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes?
a.
The chloroplast
b.
The nucleolus
c.
The Golgi apparatus
d.
The nucleus
e.
The mitochondrion
 

 4. 
Gas exchange in all living organisms requires
a.
moist membranes
b.
gills
c.
blood
d.
lungs
e.
tracheoles
 

 5. 
Which of the following occurs during mitosis, but NOT during meiosis I?
a.
The diploid number of chromosomes is reduced to the haploid number.
b.
The nuclear envelope breaks down.
c.
The chromatids of each chromosome are separated.
d.
The chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles by the spindle apparatus.
e.
Both synapsis and crossing-over takes place.
 

 6. 
Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is
a.
required by all living organisms
b.
necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation
c.
required to break down the ethanol that is produced in muscles
d.
necessary to replenish glycogen levels
e.
necessary for fermentation to take place
 

 7. 
Membranes are components of all of the following except a
a.
mitochondrion
b.
Golgi apparatus
c.
lysosome
d.
microtubule
e.
nucleus
 

 8. 
In animals, all of the following are associated with embryonic development EXCEPT
a.
inductive tissue interactions
b.
migration of cells to specific areas
c.
formation of germ layers
d.
cell division at a relatively rapid rate
e.
activation of all the genes in each cell
 

 9. 
Which of the following is primarily responsible for cell elongation, gravitropism, and apical dominance in plants?
a.
Ethylene
b.
Cytokinin
c.
Auxin
d.
Phytochrome
e.
Gibberellin
 

 10. 
Which of the following groups contains prokaryotic organisms capable of surviving the greatest extremes in temperature or salt concentration?
a.
Viruses
b.
Protista
c.
Archaebacteria
d.
Plantae
e.
Fungi
 

 11. 
Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in a release of epinephrine (adrenaline) from the adrenal glands?
a.
Swimming in a very cold pool
b.
Falling asleep during a lecture
c.
Going out on a first date
d.
Competing in an athletic event
e.
Taking a test while unprepared
 

 12. 
Nuclear division in which the chromosome number is reduced from 2n to n is part of the life cycle of all of the following organisms except
a.
insects
b.
protozoans
c.
molds
d.
bacteria
e.
ferns
 

 13. 
The driving force for the movement of materials in the phloem of plants is
a.
transpiration of water through the stomates
b.
gravity
c.
root pressure
d.
a difference in osmotic potential between the source and the sink
e.
adhesion of water to vessel elements
 

 14. 
A tobacco plant can be made to express a gene from fireflies, resulting in the emission of light.  Which of the following is the basis for this phenomenon?
a.
Fireflies and tobacco plants are infected by the same kinds of bacteria.
b.
Chloroplasts can be made to produce light if firefly proteins are injected into plant cells.
c.
Most enzymes in fireflies have the same amino acid sequence as the enzymes in tobacco plants.
d.
Fireflies and tobacco plants share a recent common ancestor.
e.
Transcription and translation are fundamentally similar in both fireflies and tobacco plants.
 

 15. 
All of the following were likely present on the primitive Earth during the evolution of self-replicating molecules EXCEPT
a.
simple carbohydrates
b.
amino acids and nucleotides
c.
nitrogen
d.
an oxygen-rich atmosphere
e.
freestanding liquid water
 

 16. 
During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of
a.
potassium against a concentration gradient
b.
electrons through a channel
c.
protons down a concentration gradient
d.
electrons against a concentration gradient
e.
sodium ions into the cell
 

 17. 
In humans, red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait.  If a man and a woman produce a color-blind son, which of the following MUST be true?
a.
Both parents carry the allele for color blindness.
b.
The father carries the allele for color blindness.
c.
The father is color-blind
d.
The mother carries the allele for color blindness
e.
Neither parent carries the allele for color blindness.
 

 18. 
In a small group of people living in a remote area, there is a high incidence of "blue skin", a condition that results from the variation in the structure of hemoglobin.  All of the "blue-skinned" residents can trace their ancestry to one couple, who were among the original settlers of this region.  The unusually high frequency of "blue skin" in the area is an example of
a.
sexual selection
b.
heterozygote advantage
c.
mutation
d.
genetic drift
e.
natural selection
 

 19. 
Which of the following processes is carried out more efficiently by a C4 plant than by a C3 plant?
a.
Photolysis
b.
Chemiosmotic coupling
c.
Fixation of CO2
d.
Transport of sugars
e.
Light absorption
 

 20. 
A number of different phylogenies (evolutionary trees) have been proposed by scientists.  These phylogenies are useful because they  can be used to
a.
demonstrate that natural selection is the prevailing force in evolution
b.
demonstrate that all photosynthetic organisms are members of the Kingdom Plantae
c.
determine when two similar populations of a species evolved into two separate species
d.
demonstrate which taxa (groups of organisms) contain the most highly evolved species
e.
evaluate which groups of organisms may be most closely related
 

 21. 
Which of the following characteristics is common to all vascular plants that exhibit an alternation of generations in their life cycle?
a.
Fertilization in water
b.
Diploid spores
c.
Multicellular sporophytes
d.
Seed production
e.
Large, independent gametophytes
 

 22. 
Gibberellic acid stimulates the cells of germinating grass seeds to produce mRNA molecules that code for hydrolytic enzymes.  In this case the role of giberellic acid can best be described as that of
a.
a stimulator of DNA replication
b.
an activator of translation
c.
an allosteric activator of hydrolase
d.
a regulator of gene activity
e.
a stimulator of hydrolase secretion
 

 23. 
On a sunny day, the closing of stomata in plant leaves results in
a.
a shift from C3 photosynthesis to C4 photosynthesis
b.
a decrease in CO2 intake
c.
an increase in the concentration of CO2 in mesophyll cells
d.
an increase in transpiration
e.
an increase in the rate of production of starch
 

 24. 
In certain Native American groups, albinism due to a homozygous recessive condition in the biochemical pathway for melanin is sometimes seen.  If the frequency of the allele for this condition is 0.06, which of the following is the closest to the frequency of the dominant allele in this population? (Assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.)
a.
0.94
b.
0.16
c.
0.04
d.
0.06
e.
0.36
 

 25. 
Which of the following is the most direct result of the presence of acid chyme in the small intestine?
a.
The intestinal lining produces the hormone secretin.
b.
The pancreas produces hydrolytic enzymes.
c.
The liver produces insulin.
d.
The stomach produces pepsin.
e.
The gall bladder releases bile.
 

 26. 
Many parasitic flatworms have an intermediate host.  This indicates that the
a.
flatworms cannot infect humans
b.
larval flatworms infect only juveniles of a species
c.
flatworms are microscopic
d.
larval flatworms infect one species, whereas adults infect another species
e.
flatworm larvae are parasitic on their parents
 

 27. 
Red algae can grow at greater ocean depths than most other algae can because red algae are
a.
specialized for absorbing ultraviolet wavelengths of light for photosynthesis.
b.
adapted for chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis.
c.
unable to use chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
d.
specialized for absorbing blue wavelengths of light for photosynthesis.
e.
specialized for absorbing red wavelengths of light for photosynthesis.
 

 28. 
Which of the following cellular processes is coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP?
a.
Facilitated diffusion
b.
Na+ influx into a nerve cell
c.
Osmosis
d.
Chemiosmosis
e.
Active transport
 

 29. 
Which of the following cells would most likely have the greatest concentration of densely packed rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a.
An epithelial cell whose DNA is replicating before mitosis
b.
A functional phloem cell at maturity
c.
An amoeba engulfing small ciliates
d.
A bioluminescent bacterial cell
e.
A pancreatic cell engaged in the production of digestive enzymes
 

 30. 
In which of the following pairs are the organisms most closely related taxonomically?
a.
Bacterium…paramecium
b.
Rosebush…diatom
c.
Mushroom…oak tree
d.
Sea star (starfish)…clam
e.
Spider…crayfish
 
 
The questions that follow refer to the graph below. The solid curve and the dashed curve represent alternate pathways for the same reaction.  One pathway is enzyme catalyzed.
nar002-1.jpg
 

 31. 
Represents the energy state of the products of the enzyme-catalyzed pathway
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 32. 
Represents the energy state of the products of the pathway that is not enzyme-catalyzed
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 
 
The questions that follow refer to the following diagram of angiosperm reproduction.
nar003-1.jpg
 

 33. 
Root meristem
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 34. 
Apical meristem
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 35. 
Seed coat
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 

 36. 
Releases hormones that control blood sugar levels by stimulating glycogen formation or breakdown
a.
Thyroid
b.
Anterior pituitary
c.
Lining of small intestine
d.
Pancreas
e.
Testis
 

 37. 
This biome has the greatest diversity of species.
a.
Desert
b.
Taiga
c.
Deciduous forest
d.
Tundra
e.
Tropical rain forest
 

 38. 
This biome is dominated by dwarf shrubs, grasses, and sedges that can tolerate long dark winters.
a.
Deciduous forest
b.
Tropical rain forest
c.
Desert
d.
Taiga
e.
Tundra
 

 39. 
Process found in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
a.
Glycolysis
b.
Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions of photosynthesis)
c.
Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
d.
Chemiosmosis
e.
Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)
 

 40. 
Bilaterally symmetrical; deuterostome; dorsal hollow nerve cord
a.
Arthropoda
b.
Chordata
c.
Echinodermata
d.
Annelida
e.
Mollusca
 

 41. 
Process that results in the production of cDNA from an RNA molecule
a.
Translation
b.
Reverse transcription
c.
Replication
d.
Transformation
e.
Transcription
 

 42. 
Process in which RNA is produced by using a DNA template
a.
Translation
b.
Reverse transcription
c.
Transcription
d.
Transformation
e.
Replication
 
 
The questions that follow refer to the information below

nar004-1.jpg
 

 43. 
The scientist used restriction enzymes for what purpose in the experiment?
a.
To enable the fragments of DNA to form covalent bonds
b.
To make cuts in the plasmid DNA
c.
To enable the plasmid to recognize the bacterial cells
d.
To make the plasmid small enough to transform cells
e.
To make the plasmid enter the cells
 

 44. 
If the scientist had forgotten to use DNA ligase during the preparation of the recombinant plasmid, bacterial growth would most likely have occurred on which of the following?
a.
1 and 2 only
b.
4 and 5 only
c.
1,2, and 3 only
d.
1 and 4 only
e.
4,5, and 6 only
 

 45. 
If the scientist used the cultures to perform another experiment as shown below, using medium that contained lactose as the only energy source, growth would most likely occur on which of the following plates?
mc045-1.jpg
a.
9 and 10 only
b.
10 only
c.
7 and 9 only
d.
8 and 10 only
e.
7 and 8 only
 

 46. 
In a study of the development of frogs, groups of cells in the germ layers of several embryos in the early gastrula stage were stained with five different dyes that do not harm living tissue.  After organogenesis (organ formation), the location of the dyes was noted, as shown in the table at right:

TissueStain
BrainRed
NotochordYellow
LiverGreen
Lens of the eyeBlue
Lining of the digestive tractPurple


Ectoderm would eventually give rise to tissues containing which of the following colors?
a.
Red and blue
b.
Purple and green
c.
Green and yellow
d.
Green and red
e.
Yellow and purple
 

 47. 
A woman with blood type B gives birth to a child with blood type A.  The father must have which of the following blood types?
a.
Either AB or A
b.
Either AB or O
c.
AB only
d.
AB or A or O
e.
Either AB or B
 
 
The questions that follow refer to the following graphs.
nar005-1.jpg
 

 48. 
The most accurate conclusion to be drawn solely from the graphs is that
a.
the oxygen content of warm water is higher than that of cool water
b.
the oxygen content of cool water is higher than that of warm water
c.
adult fish of this species are found more frequently in water at 22oC than are juveniles
d.
fish of this species are found most frequently in water at 20oC
e.
the optimum temperature for fish of this species is 25oC
 

 49. 
Which of the following statements about the results is true?
a.
They are inconclusive because too few fish were used.
b.
They are inaccurate because tanks with temperature gradients were used.
c.
They are invalid, because part of the experiment was not done in the laboratory.
d.
They are improperly graphed, because the dependent variable is on the horizontal (x) axis.
e.
They are invalid because the data show too much variation.
 
 
The questions that follow refer to the following table.
nar006-1.jpg
 

 50. 
Which of the animals is most likely to have, living in specialized areas of its digestive tract, abundant symbiotic bacteria that break down foods that the animal normally could not digest on its own?
a.
5
b.
4
c.
1
d.
2
e.
3
 

 51. 
Which animal has a gastrovascular cavity?
a.
3
b.
1
c.
2
d.
4
e.
5
 

 52. 
Which animal is most efficient in absorbing the food it consumes?
a.
5
b.
2
c.
4
d.
1
e.
3
 
 
The questions that follow refer to an experiment that was performed to separate DNA fragments from four samples radioactively labeled with 32P.  The fragments were separated by gel electrophoresis.  The visualized bands are illustrated in the figure below. nar007-1.jpg
 

 53. 
The DNA was labeled with 32P in order to
a.
stimulate DNA replication
b.
inhibit the uptake of unlabeled ATP
c.
visualize the fragments
d.
show wich fragments included the 5' end and which fragments included the 3' end
e.
speed up the rate of separation by electrophoresis
 

 54. 
Which of the following is an additional use of the gel electrophoresis technique?
a.
To separate proteins in a mixture
b.
To amplify genes
c.
To ligate DNA fragments
d.
To transform E. coli
e.
To express a gene
 
 
The questions that follow refer to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below.  After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis tubing, but starch cannot. nar008-1.jpg
 

 55. 
From the initial conditions and results described, which of the following is a logical conclusion?
a.
A net movement of water into the beaker has occurred.
b.
The molarity of the solution in the bag and the molarity of the solution in the surrounding beaker are the same.
c.
The initial concentration of glucose in the bag is higher than the initial concentration of starch in the bag.
d.
The pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch molecules.
e.
The bag is not selectively permeable.
 

 56. 
Which of the following best describes the condition expected after 24 hours?
a.
The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition.
b.
Starch molecules will continue to pass through the bag.
c.
Water potential in the bag will be greater than water potential in the surrounding solution.
d.
The contents of the bag will have the same osmotic concentration as the surrounding solution.
e.
A glucose test on the solution in the bag will be negative.
 

 57. 
If, instead of the bag, a potato slice were placed in the beaker of distilled water, which of the following would be true of the potato slice?
a.
It would lose water until water potential inside the cells is equal to zero.
b.
It would neither gain nor lose mass.
c.
It would gain mass.
d.
The cells of the potato would increase their metabolic activity.
e.
It would absorb solutes from the surrounding liquid.
 
 
The graph below shows changes in a population of wild sheep that were introduced to the island of Tasmania in the early 1800’
nar009-1.jpg
 

 58. 
The type of population growth represented by that portion of the graph line enclosed in the bracket is most accurately termed
a.
arithmetic
b.
decelerating
c.
exponential
d.
density-dependent
e.
stable
 

 59. 
The graph indicates that the sheep population most likely is
a.
growing in excess of its carrying capacity, since fluctuations in population size occurred after 1850
b.
headed for extinction because of the population explosion about 1930
c.
shifting from a K-selected to an r-selected strategy
d.
regulated by density-independent factors, because there appears to be about a 10-year cycle of sharp declines in size
e.
stable after 1850 under the effects of density-dependent regulating factors
 

 60. 
In the graphs below, the solid line represents the original population.  The dotted line on which graph best represents the sheep population that would have resulted from a sustained increase in the primary productivity of the environment?
mc060-1.jpg
a.
A
b.
B
c.
C
d.
D
e.
E
 



 
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