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Energetics Test (Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis)

 1. 

The overall theme of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis is best described by which of the following statements?
a.
The two reactions are simply complements of each other that do nothing more than recycle CO2 and O2 in the environment.
b.
These processes convert energy from one form into another that can be used by the cell for metabolic reactions or to store for later use by the cell.
c.
These are processes that create energy.
d.
These processes simply rearrange one macromolecule into another in the cell so that the many carbohydrates and proteins necessary in the cell can be made.
e.
All of these statements accurately describe an aspect of cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
 

 2. 

Which of the following statements about ATP is true?
a.
ATP can be produced in a stage of photosynthesis.
b.
ATP can be generated through the breakdown of organic compounds such as glucose.
c.
ATP is generated through anaerobic respiration.
d.
ATP is generated through aerobic respiration.
e.
all of the statements are correct.
 

 3. 

Anything that prevents ATP formation for an extended time will most likely
a.
force the cell to rely on lipids for energy.
b.
result in the conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy.
c.
force the cell to rely on ADP for energy.
d.
have no effect on the cell.
e.
result in cell death.
 

 4. 

When molecules are broken apart in cellular respiration
a.
the heat produced is used to form ATP.
b.
the oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source.
c.
the energy released in the reactions is transferred into molecules of ATP.
d.
ATP is converted into ADP.
e.
ADP is released as a waste product.
 

 5. 

Which releases the most energy from organic molecules in the form of ATP?
a.
aerobic respiration
b.
anaerobic respiration
c.
alcoholic fermentation
d.
lactate fermentation
e.
All release the same amount, but through different means.
 

 6. 

Which of the following described how cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?
a.
Energy is transferred to oxygen.
b.
ADP is re-phosphorylated to generate ATP.
c.
Energy is stored in molecules of carbon dioxide.
d.
Glucose is produced.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 7. 

Glycolysis
a.
occurs in the mitochondria.
b.
is the final step of cellular respiration.
c.
results in the production of pyruvate.
d.
occurs in the cytoplasm.
e.
both (c) and (d) above are true.
 

 8. 

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?
a.
conversion of NADH to NAD+
b.
a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule
c.
conversion of glucose to two 3-carbon compounds
d.
production of CO2
e.
conversion of  FAD to FADH2
 

 9. 

The breakdown of Acetyl CoA in the Krebs cycle:
a.
results in the complete breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide.
b.
is used to “store” energy in molecules of ATP and NADH.
c.
directly requires oxygen.
d.
both (a) and (b) above are true.
e.
all statements above are true.
 

 10. 

The enzymes of the Krebs cycle are located in the
a.
intermembrane space of the mitochondrion.
b.
outer mitochondrial membrane.
c.
stroma.
d.
mitochondrial matrix.
e.
cytoplasm.
 

 11. 

During the ETC and oxidative phosphorylation,
a.
ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase.
b.
Glucose is broken down and CO2 is released.
c.
Energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes.
d.
A concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane space.
e.
Oxygen provides high energy electrons to power the active transport of H+ ions across the inner membrane.
 

 12. 

What is the consequence of the lack of oxygen in a cell producing ATP through aerobic respiration?
a.
NADH can no longer donate high-energy electrons to the ETC.
b.
The concentration gradient of H+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane will no longer be maintained.
c.
Without the cell’s ability to “switch on “ an anaerobic pathway, glycolysis will no longer continue.
d.
Both (a) and (b) above.
e.
All of the above.
 

 13. 

The term anaerobic means
a.
without CO2.
b.
without ATP.
c.
without O2.
d.
with O2.
e.
without bacteria.
 

 14. 

Which one of the following metabolic reactions is common in the aerobic and anaerobic pathways?
a.
chemiosmosis
b.
glycolysis
c.
ETC
d.
the Krebs cycle
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 15. 

When an organism such as a yeast is growing under anaerobic conditions, it converts the pyruvate from glycolysis into a different compound such as alcohol. Why can’t the cell simply continue glycolysis without this additional step to process pyruvate?
a.
The fermentation pathway produces more ATP by breaking down pyruvate.
b.
The fermentation pathway can allow the ETC to continue without oxygen.
c.
The fermentation pathway can produce ethanol or lactic acid, which can act as the oxygen acceptor for the ETC.
d.
The fermentation pathway can convert ethanol or lactic acid back into glucose.
e.
The fermentation pathway is needed to regenerate the NAD+ consumed during glycolysis.
 

 16. 

The process of taking CO2 and combining them into larger sugar molecules is often referred to as “carbon fixation” or “fixing carbon” (since cellular respiration “breaks” sugars down to produce CO2, it seems appropriate that photosynthesis “fixes” carbons back into large sugar molecules). The summary equation for photosynthesis is
a.
the same as the equation for glycolysis written in reverse.
b.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + energy
c.
6 O2 + 6 H2O + sunlight --> C6H12O6 + 6 CO2.
d.
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + sunlight -->  5 CO2 + 6 H2O.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 17. 

Which one of the following statements is false?
a.
Photosynthesis produces O2; respiration produces CO2.
b.
The principal electron carrier in photosynthesis is NADPH; the principal electron carrier in respiration is NADH.
c.
Photosynthesis is ultimately driven by light energy; cellular respiration is driven by the chemical energy of food molecules being broken down.
d.
ATP is not produced during photosynthesis. ATP is only produced during cellular respiration.
e.
Photosynthesis consumes CO2; respiration consumes O2.
 

 18. 

What is the name of the membrane bound structure in chloroplasts that “house” the photosystems?
a.
cristae.
b.
thylakoids.
c.
grana.
d.
stroma.
e.
vacuoles.
 

 19. 

The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from
a.
chlorophyll.
b.
carbon dioxide.
c.
water.
d.
glucose.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 20. 

Which statement regarding photosynthesis is false?
a.
Photosynthesis is divided into the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
b.
Photosynthesis functions to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in ATP which is then used to “fix” carbon dioxide to build carbohydrates.
c.
Photosynthesis is the only mechanism available to plants to make ATP.
d.
Photosynthesis involves the fixation of carbon dioxide from the air.
e.
Photosynthesis relies on converting solar energy into energy stored in ATP and NADPH to drive the light-independent reactions.
 

 21. 

Which statement regarding the light-dependent reactions is false?
a.
photons are absorbed by chlorophyll
b.
water is split to release electrons
c.
oxygen is produced as water grabs the electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.
d.
ATP and NADPH are produced.
e.
The final electron acceptor, NADPH, carries high-energy electrons to be used in the light-independent reactions.
 

 22. 

ATP and NADPH in the chloroplast
a.
are produced through reactions taking place on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
b.
are inputs to the light-dependent reactions.
c.
provide the chemical energy necessary to plants to form sugars.
d.
are used by the mitochondria to produce more ATP.
e.
All of the choices are correct.
 

 23. 

Plants use sugars produced through photosynthesis to
a.
provide an energy source for cellular respiration and as starting materials for making other organic molecules.
b.
produce starch that can be used for energy storage in the plant.
c.
produce new cell wall as the plant grows.
d.
Both (a) and (b) above.
e.
All of the above.
 

 24. 

Mitochondria transfer _____ energy from _____ to ATP; chloroplasts transform _____ energy into the chemical energy of ATP.
a.
food . . . light . . . nuclear
b.
light . . . food . . . kinetic
c.
food . . . light . . . chemical
d.
chemical . . . food . . . light
e.
nuclear . . . light . . . food
 

 25. 

Based on the experiment performed in class using peas to measure rates of cellular respiration, which of the following is true?
a.
The volume of the gas in the tube decreased due to both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
b.
KOH was necessary so that the only gas changing in volume was oxygen.
c.
Oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas was both decreasing in volume as cellular respiration took place; this is why the water level decreased over time.
d.
Germinating and non-germinating peas both consume similar amounts of oxygen gas.
e.
Germinating peas were consuming carbon dioxide in the tube, resulting in the decrease in gas volume over time.
 
 
Answer the following questions based on the diagram below:

nar001-1.jpg
 

 26. 

Which letter represents a molecule that provides the energy required to establish a high concentration of ions in the intermembrane space?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
4.
d.
5.
e.
7.
 

 27. 

Without this molecule, the cell will be forced to switch ATP production to anaerobic respiration.
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
4.
d.
5.
e.
7.
 

 28. 

The membrane seen in this diagram is the:
a.
Cell membrane.
b.
Thylakoid membrane.
c.
Nuclear membrane.
d.
Outer mitochondrial membrane.
e.
Inner mitochondrial membrane.
 
 
Answer the following questions based on the diagram below:

nar002-1.jpg
 

 29. 

The above diagram shows a pathway that occurs when:
a.
fats are broken down to make ATP.
b.
oxygen is available to the cell.
c.
oxygen is deficient in the cell.
d.
carbon dioxide is not available.
e.
more ATP than what is produced through aerobic respiration is needed.
 

 30. 

Which statement regarding this diagram is true?
a.
One of the primary purposes of the shown pathway is to regenerate NAD+.
b.
This process occurs in the mitochondria.
c.
This process only occurs in plant cell.
d.
This reaction is far more efficient than the process of ATP production occurring in the mitochondria.
e.
This process can occur indefinitely in the cell.
 
 
Answer the following questions based on the diagram below:

nar003-1.jpg
 

 31. 

When excess food is consumed:
a.
all macromolecules are broken down in order to form ATP.
b.
all macromolecules are converted into glucose in order to go through cellular respiration
c.
cellular respiration is balanced with the storage of excess macromolecules as glycogen, lipids, or other energy-rich molecules.     
d.
the excess food is not digested and nutrients are not absorbed into your body.
e.
All above statements are true.
 

 32. 

Which of the following statements is false?
a.
Fatty acids contain many covalently bonded carbons.
b.
Fats can release more energy when being broken down into intermediates used in cellular respiration.
c.
Excess glucose can be stored for later use in the form of glycogen.
d.
The breakdown of fats and proteins require additional enzymes than those involved in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
e.
All reactions shown in this diagram is a one-way pathway; molecules are only broken down in our cells to produce ATP and these pathways are not related to how molecules are produced in the cell.
 
 
Answer the following questions based on the diagram below:
nar004-1.jpg
 

 33. 

This molecule is "fixed" and eventually used to generate glucose, which can be then used for the synthesis of more complex carbohydrates and other organic molecules.
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
5
e.
Both (1) and (3) are molecules that are “fixed”.
 

 34. 

Which description best summarizes the purpose of the reaction represented by the diagram?
a.
Energy stored in large macromolecules such as glucose is released for use in the cell.
b.
Monomers such as glucose are combined into larger molecules for storage in the cell.
c.
ATP is produced in the cell to drive biological reactions.
d.
Solar energy is converted into chemical energy to synthesize carbohydrates.
e.
All of the above takes place in the reaction represented in the diagram.
 

 35. 

This molecule is released as a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions and is a molecule necessary to generate ATP by metabolizing glucose when light is not available:
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
5.
e.
None of the above.
 



 
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