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3

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The primitive earth's atmosphere did NOT contain
a.
water vapor.
b.
free nitrogen.
c.
free hydrogen.
d.
free oxygen.
e.
inert gases.
 

 2. 
Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase?
a.
anaphase
b.
interphase
c.
prophase
d.
metaphase
e.
telophase
 

 3. 
A person with AB blood illustrates the principle of
a.
pleiotropy.
b.
incomplete dominance.
c.
blending inheritance.
d.
codominance.
e.
polygenic inheritance.
 

 4. 
Genes located close together on the same chromosomes are referred to as __________ genes and generally __________.
a.
linked . . . do not sort independently during meiosis
b.
associated . . . sort independently during meiosis
c.
homologous . . . are inherited together
d.
linked . . . sort independently during meiosis
e.
codependent . . . do not sort independently during meiosis
 

 5. 
Crossing over __________ genes into assortments of __________ not found in the parents.
a.
combines unlinked . . . alleles
b.
recombines linked . . . alleles
c.
combines  linked . . . genes
d.
recombines unlinked . . . genes
e.
recombines unlinked . . . chromosomes
 

 6. 
How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete?
a.
four
b.
five
c.
three
d.
one
e.
two
 

 7. 
Any gene located on a sex chromosome
a.
will exhibit pleiotropy.
b.
is called a sex-linked gene.
c.
will exhibit codominance.
d.
is called a recessive gene.
e.
is called a dominant allele.
 

 8. 
Which of the following is/are recessive sex-linked human conditions?
a.
red-green color blindness
b.
hemophilia
c.
muscular dystrophy
d.
All of the choices are correct.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 9. 
Why are sex-linked conditions more common in men than in women?
a.
Women simply do not develop the disease regardless of their genetic composition.
b.
The sex chromosomes are more active in men than in women.
c.
Men acquire two copies of the defective gene during fertilization.
d.
Men need to inherit only one copy of the recessive allele for the condition to be fully expressed.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 10. 
If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be
a.
GCCTAG.
b.
GCCAUC.
c.
GCCATG.
d.
TAACGT.
e.
CGGTAC.
 

 11. 
The directions for each amino acid in a polypeptide are indicated by a codon that consists of __________ nucleotide(s) in an RNA molecule.
a.
2
b.
4
c.
3
d.
1
e.
5
 

 12. 
If you commit a crime, you need to make sure that you do not leave even the smallest speck of blood, hair, etc., from your body behind because if you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by __________, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime.
a.
blotting
b.
PCR
c.
RFLP
d.
reverse transcriptase
e.
ATP
 

 13. 
The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant __________ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs.
a.
mRNA
b.
phages
c.
plasmids
d.
restriction enzymes
e.
DNA polymerase molecules
 

 14. 
Which of the following constitutes a basic, modern definition of a sexually reproducing species?
a.
a group of individuals who resemble each other, on average, more than they resemble anything else
b.
the smallest unit that can engage in microevolution
c.
a group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
d.
a group of individuals who interbreed
e.
a group of individuals living in the same place at the same time
 

 15. 
A population is
a.
a collection of communities.
b.
a group of individuals of different species living in the same place at the same time.
c.
the smallest unit that can evolve.
d.
applicable only to animals that reproduce asexually.
e.
All of the choices are correct.
 

 16. 
A change in the relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population is called
a.
diversifying selection.
b.
microevolution.
c.
genetic drift.
d.
directional selection.
e.
mutation.
 

 17. 
Fitness increases when an organism
a.
lives for a long time.
b.
survives many hardships.
c.
is stronger than the other organisms in its community.
d.
passes on a greater proportion of its genes to the next generation.
e.
is disease-free.
 

 18. 
Gel electrophoresis
a.
separates fragments of DNA based on their net charge
b.
separates fragments of DNA based on their base pair size
c.
separates fragments of DNA based on their net weight
d.
Both (b) and (c) are correct
e.
All above choices are correct.
 

 19. 
The distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during
a.
prokaryotic fission.
b.
mitosis.
c.
meiosis.
d.
cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division).
e.
karyokinesis.
 

 20. 
Although mitosis divides a cell into two, the original number of chromosomes is maintained because
a.
the cells become haploid
b.
the chromosomes are replicated before division
c.
the chromosomes are replicated during division
d.
the DNA molecules are split into smaller pieces
e.
the double stranded DNA becomes single stranded
 
 
Use the diagram to answer the following questions.

nar001-1.jpg
 

 21. 
The entire process represented here can be called:
a.
gene expression.
b.
gene regulation.
c.
DNA replication.
d.
DNA mutation.
e.
Transformation.
 
 
Answer the following questions based on the diagram below:
nar002-1.jpg
 

 22. 
Chromatin is found in which stage?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
DNA is diffused into chromatin in all stages.
 
 
The following diagram shows a cross section of a plant root tip.  Answer the questions based on your ability to identify the stage of the cell cycle the cells are in.
nar003-1.jpg
 

 23. 
Which cell is most likely to be in interphase?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
5
e.
6
 
 
Answer the following questions based on this graph and images:

The following graph was created using data collected through the “Natural Selection” done in class.  The “beans” used to simulate the prey population are diagramed below.

nar004-1.jpg
 

 24. 
Which would be the most appropriate title for this graph (what is the data actually showing)?
a.
Change in phenotypic frequency in prey population due to natural selection.
b.
Change in allele frequency in prey population due to natural selection.
c.
Percentage of each phenotype remaining after each generation.
d.
Survival of the fittest due to natural selection.
e.
The Bean Lab.
 
 
The following four diagrams show the structures of different molecules.  Answer the following questions based on your ability to identify them.

nar005-1.jpg
 

 25. 
Which diagram represents the monomer units of proteins?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
Both (2) and (4)
 

 26. 
Which macromolecule is characterized as being hydrophobic?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
All molecules here are hydrophobic.
 
 
Using diagrams below answer the following questions.
nar006-1.jpg
 

 27. 
Which of the above diagrams show an unsaturated fat?
a.
1, 4, 5, 6
b.
2, 3, 1
c.
1, 2, 6, 4
d.
5, 3, 1
e.
all of the above
 

 28. 
If R is dominant to r, the offspring of the cross of RR with rr will
a.
be homozygous.
b.
display the same phenotype as the RR parent.
c.
display the same phenotype as the rr parent.
d.
have the same genotype as the RR parent.
e.
have the same genotype as the rr parent.
 

 29. 
If short hair (S) is dominant to long hair (s), animals SS and Ss have the same
a.
parents.
b.
genotypes.
c.
phenotypes.
d.
alleles.
e.
genes.
 
 

Observe the following diagram and answer the following questions.


nar007-1.jpg
 

 30. 
Which structure(s) identified above is (are) unique only to plant cells?
a.
1
b.
1.....2
c.
1.....2.....3
d.
2.....3.....4
e.
1.....2.....3.....4.....5.
 



 
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