Fall 2009 Bio Essays

1. The following table describes the genetic makeup of a population of rabbits on an island. The data was collected over a course of 10 years until research grant funds ran out in 1999. Throughout the course of the research, the island experienced a major flood in 1997 that devastated wildlife populations.

This year, your lab got a grant from the NSF (National Science Foundation) to continue research on the island rabbit population to document any changes since 1999. The raw data collected is recorded on the table.

	Population size			Genotype frequency			Allele frequency
Year	Black	White	Total	BB	Bb	bb	B	b
1990	689	133	822	35.73%	48.09%	16.18%	59.78%	40.22%
1991	670	138	808	34.43%	48.50%	17.08%	58.67%	41.33%
1992	700	151	851	33.50%	48.76%	17.74%	57.88%	42.12%
1993	712	160	872	32.68%	48.97%	18.35%	57.16%	42.84%
1994	708	155	863	33.20%	48.84%	17.96%	57.62%	42.38%
1995	665	144	809	33.42%	48.78%	17.80%	57.81%	42.19%
1996	701	155	856	33.00%	48.89%	18.11%	57.45%	42.55%
1997	155	84	239	16.58%	48.28%	35.15%	40.72%	59.28%
1998	265	154	419	15.50%	47.74%	36.75%	39.37%	60.63%
1999	426	232	658	16.50%	48.24%	35.26%	40.62%	59.38%
2005	840	160	1000

2. Imagine confronting a Creation Science advocate about the Theory of Evolution. Please explain the body of evidence of behind the theory of evolution. Please include specific examples.

3. We have reviewed many time the idea that individuals do not evolve which is a central idea to the theory of evolution. Please explain why this idea is central to the idea of the theory of natural selection.

4. Explain how antibiotic resisitance is an example of the theory of evolution. Explore penicillin and discuss the specific mechanism bacteria have evolved to protect themselves against it. Please include a dicussion of population, varietion, fitness, the type of selection , and mutation in your answer.

Directions: Please read the following questions carefully. You are encouraged to construct a complete answer for each of the following.

You are encouraged to research and discuss your answers. NO ONE should write the essay for you. Tutors & parents are NOT permitted to help

1. Explain the difference between the following types of inheritance- autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive.

Your answer should include an example of a disorder (with brief explanation) for each type of inheritance and include the specific

definition of each type of inheritance with a punnett square and predicted phenotype ratio for parents who are expecting a child with the disorder..

2. Write out the genotype for the following individual's gene pairs. A list (or table) with the notation of each trait is fine but some explanation of the trait maybe

necessary for complete understanding. For example Please denote C- normal vision, c colorblindness. Sex linked traits should be carried on the sex chromosomes.

A normal woman with 2 hemophiliac brothers and 6 affected sisters, a color blind father and a color blind maternal grandparents.

She is also blood type A but her parents were both type AB. She also is afflicted with achrondroplasia through a spontaneous

mutation during spermatogensis. She has colored eyes but her mother had blue eyes. Additionally she has very, very light light skin

AND...which of the above allows you to conclude that individual is adopted? Please explain your answer with a Punnett square AND text.

3. In fruit flies, the phenotype for eye color is determined by a gene at a particular locus. " R" is the dominant allele for Red eyes and

"r" indicates the recessive allele for white eyes. The cross between a male red eyed fly and a female white eyed

The red eyed and white eyed individuals from the F1 generation were then crossed to produce the following offspring:

Determine the genotypes of the original parents and explain your answer using the data above and a Punnett Square.

You may use Punnett squares to enhance your description, but the significance of the Punnett Squares must discussed in your answer.

b. The brown-eyed female in the F1 generation resulted from a mutational change in a gene. Discuss what a gene is on structural level and

4. One homologous pair carries genes Q and R and H. Its homologue contains genes Q and r and h. Draw the pair of

chromosomes in a cell and take the pair through Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Show how you can produce gametes with new

5. Explain the relationship between the following terms: tetrad, homologous pair, sister chromatid, gene, and allele.

6. Two fruitflies are mated for several traits. In one cross a fruit fly with a gray body and red eyes (genotype GgRr) is mated with a

fly with having black body and purple eyes (genotype ggrr). When the mating is actually carried out most of the offspring resemble

the parents but 3% have gray body and purple eyes and 3% have black bodies and red eyes. The same set of parent flies are mated

but different traits are observed in the offspring. A graylong winged fly (GgLl) is mated with back vestigial winged fly (ll). Again the expected values due not

match the actual values. The most of the offspring resemble one parent or the other but there 12% recombinants. This mean there are

Explain what type of inheritance is shown the above cross. Why do the actual values differ from the expected mendelian ratios.

Tests prove conclusively that all three genes are on the same chromosome. Using the data above what would be the most likely arrangement of the

	Red Eyed Male	Red Eyed Female	White Eyed Male	White eyed female	Brown eyed Female
F1	0	51	55	0	1

	Red Eyed Male	Red Eyed Female	White-eyed male	White-eyed female	Brown-eyed female
F2	23	29	24	24	0