Cellular Energetics Online Test- Dec 07

Name:

The transfer of a (one) phosphate group from one molecule to another molecule or compound (such as one ADP) is called

a.	carbon fixation.
b.	ionization.
c.	hydrogen bonding.
d.	hydrogenation.
e.	substrate level phosphorylation.

Which of the following statements about ATP is true?

a.	ATP can be produced in a stage of photosynthesis.
b.	ATP is generated through the breakdown of organic compounds such as glucose.
c.	ATP is generated through anaerobic respiration.
d.	ATP is generated through aerobic respiration.
e.	all of the statements are correct.

Anything that prevents ATP formation will most likely

a.	force the cell to rely on lipids for energy.
b.	result in the conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy.
c.	force the cell to rely on ADP for energy.
d.	have no effect on the cell.
e.	result in cell death.

Respiration __________, and cellular respiration __________.

a.	is gas exchange . . . produces ATP
b.	uses glucose . . . produces glucose
c.	produces glucose . . . is gas exchange
d.	produces ATP . . . is gas exchange
e.	produces glucose . . . produces oxygen

When molecules are broken apart in cellular respiration

a.	the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions.
b.	the oxygen released from the compounds that are broken apart is always used as an energy source.
c.	the energy released in the reactions is eventually channeled into molecules of ATP, mostly through oxidative phosphorylation.
d.	ATP is converted into ADP.
e.	ADP is released as a waste product.

Which pathway releases (yields) the most energy from organic molecules in the form of ATP?

a.	aerobic respiration
b.	anaerobic respiration
c.	alcoholic fermentation
d.	lactate fermentation
e.	All release the same amount, but through different means.

Which one of the following statements is false? Cellular respiration

a.	is a single chemical reaction with just one step that directly yields ATP.
b.	releases heat.
c.	produces water.
d.	produces carbon dioxide.
e.	consumes glucose.

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

a.	The energy is transferred to oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
b.	Cell transfer the energy to the bonds of ATP.
c.	They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide.
d.	They produce glucose.
e.	None of the choices are correct.

Which of the following are products of cellular respiration?

a.	glucose and carbon dioxide
b.	oxygen and carbon dioxide
c.	energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide
d.	oxygen and energy to make ATP
e.	oxygen and glucose

10.

The overall equation for the cellular respiration of glucose is

a.	6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + energy.
b.	C₆H₁₂O₁₂ + 6 CO₂ --> 6 O₂ + 6 H₂O + energy.
c.	C₃H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O --> 5 CO₂ + 6 O₂ + energy.
d.	C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6 O₂ --> 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + energy.
e.	None of the choices are correct.

11.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?

a.	the Krebs cycle, pyruvate oxidation, ETC-oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis
b.	ETC-oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and glycolysis
c.	ETC-oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate oxidation, glycolysis, and the Krebs cycle
d.	glycolysis, ETC-oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle
e.	glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and ETC-oxidative phosphorylation

12.

Glycolysis

a.	occurs in the mitochondria.
b.	is the final step of cellular respiration.
c.	results in the production of pyruvate.
d.	occurs in the cytoplasm.
e.	both (c) and (d) above are true.

13.

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

a.	conversion of NADH to NAD+
b.	a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule
c.	conversion of glucose to two 3-carbon compounds
d.	production of CO₂
e.	conversion of FAD to FADH₂

14.

The enzymes of the Krebs cycle are located in the

a.	intermembrane space of the mitochondrion.
b.	outer mitochondrial membrane.
c.	inner mitochondrial membrane.
d.	mitochondrial matrix.
e.	cytoplasm.

15.

During the ETC and oxidative phosphorylation,

a.	ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move down a concentration gradient through ATP synthase.
b.	Glucose is broken down and CO₂is released.
c.	Energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes.
d.	A concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane space.
e.	Oxygen provides high energy electrons to power the active transport of H+ ions across the inner membrane.

16.

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

a.	the fermentation pathways that will produce NAD+ for glycolysis to continue in anaerobic conditions..
b.	glycolysis from hydrolyzing glucose.
c.	the formation of alcohol.
d.	the Krebs cycle that will produce NADH necessary for the ETC.
e.	the establishment of hydrogen ion gradients across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

17.

In the electron transport chain of cell respiration, the final electron acceptor is

a.	ATP.
b.	a molecule of carbon dioxide.
c.	an oxygen atom.
d.	a molecule of water.
e.	ADP.

18.

The term anaerobic means

a.	without CO₂.
b.	without ATP.
c.	without O₂.
d.	with O₂.
e.	without bacteria.

19.

Under anaerobic conditions muscle cells produce

a.	ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
b.	oxygen.
c.	pyruvate.
d.	lactate (lactic acid).
e.	citrate.

20.

Which one of the following metabolic reactions is common in both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways?

a.	chemiosmosis
b.	glycolysis
c.	ETC
d.	the Krebs cycle
e.	None of the choices are correct.

21.

The summary equation for photosynthesis is

a.	the same as the equation for glycolysis written in reverse.
b.	6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + sunlight+ chlorophyll --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂.
c.	6 O₂ + 6 H₂O + sunlight+ chlorophyll --> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 CO₂.
d.	C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ + sunlight --> 5 CO₂ + 6 H₂O.
e.	None of the choices are correct.

22.

Which one of the following statements is false?

a.	Photosynthesis produces O₂; respiration produces CO₂.
b.	The principal electron carrier in photosynthesis is NADPH; the principal electron carrier in respiration is NADH.
c.	Photosynthesis is ultimately powered by light energy; respiration is powered by the chemical energy of food molecules being broken down.
d.	ATP is not produced during photosynthesis. ATP is only produced during respiration.
e.	Photosynthesis consumes CO₂; respiration consumes O₂.

23.

Chloroplasts contain disk-like membranous sacs arranged in stacks called

a.	cristae.
b.	thylakoids.
c.	grana.
d.	stroma.
e.	vacuoles.

24.

Where is chlorophyll found in a plant cell?

a.	cristae
b.	cytoplasm
c.	stroma
d.	matrix
e.	thylakoid membranes

25.

The oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from

a.	chlorophyll.
b.	carbon dioxide.
c.	water.
d.	glucose.
e.	None of the choices are correct.

26.

Which statement regarding photosynthesis is false?

a.	Photosynthesis is divided into the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
b.	Photosynthesis functions to convert light energy into chemical energy stored in ATP which is then used to use carbon dioxide to build carbohydrates.
c.	Photosynthesis is the only mechanism available to plants to make ATP.
d.	Photosynthesis involves the fixation of carbon dioxide from the air.
e.	Photosynthesis relies on converting solar energy into energy stored in ATP and NADPH to drive the light-independent reactions.

27.

The light-dependent reactions occur in the __________ while the light-independent (dark) reactions occurs in the __________.

a.	stroma . . . thylakoid membranes
b.	stroma . . . nucleus
c.	cytoplasm . . . stroma
d.	thylakoid membranes . . . stroma
e.	cytoplasm . . . thylakoid membrane

28.

Which statement regarding the light-dependent reactions is false?

a.	photons are absorbed by chlorophyll
b.	water is split to release electrons
c.	oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
d.	ATP and NADPH are produced.
e.	The final electron acceptor, NADPH, carries high-energy electrons to be used in the light-independent reactions.

29.

Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

a.	ATP, NADPH, O₂
b.	ATP, NADPH, CO₂
c.	glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO₂
d.	ADP, NADP+, O₂
e.	glucose, ADP, NADP+

30.

ATP and NADPH in the chloroplast

a.	are produced in associated with events taking place on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
b.	are inputs to the light-dependent reactions.
c.	provide the chemical energy necessary to plants to form glucose.
d.	are used by the mitochondria to produce more ATP.
e.	All of the choices are correct.

31.

Carbon fixation

a.	occurs when carbon and oxygen from CO₂ are incorporated into a large, high-energy, organic molecule.
b.	provides the cell with a supply of NADPH molecules.
c.	is facilitated by enzymes in the mitochondria.
d.	powers the process of glucose synthesis by supplying the cell with ATP.
e.	occurs during the light reactions.

32.

Which one of the following is true?

a.	Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.
b.	Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
c.	Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.
d.	Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
e.	Neither cellular respiration nor photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.

33.

Mitochondria transfer _____ energy from _____ to ATP; chloroplasts transform _____ energy into the chemical energy of ATP.

a.	food . . . light . . . nuclear
b.	light . . . food . . . kinetic
c.	food . . . light . . . chemical
d.	chemical . . . food . . . light
e.	nuclear . . . light . . . food

34.

Use the following diagram to answer the next questions.

The above diagram shows

a.      all macromolecules are capable of being broken down in order to form ATP.
b.      all macromolecules are converted into glucose in order to go through cellular respiration
c.      cellular respiration takes in only glucose.
d.      other macromolecules are are capable of entering cell respiration at intermediates.
e.       a and d are true

35.

Use the following diagram to answer the next questions.

The above diagram shows a pathway that occurs when:

a.      fats are broken down to make ATP.
b.      oxygen is available to a human cell.
c.      oxygen is deficient in a human cell.
d.      carbon dioxide is not available.
e.      more ATP than what is produced through aerobic respiration is needed.

36.

Use the following diagram to answer the next questions.
This is a diagram of a reaction taking place in the mitochondria.

Which letter represents a molecule that provides the energy required to establish a high concentration of ions in the intermembrane space?

a.      1.
b.      2.
c.      4.
d.      5.
e.      7.

37.

Without this molecule, the cell will be forced to switch ATP production to anaerobic respiration.

a.      1.
b.      2.
c.      4.
d.      5.
e.      7.

38.

The membrane seen in this diagram is the:

a.      cell membrane
b.      thylakoid membrane
c.      nuclear membrane
d.      outer mitochondrial membrane
e.      inner mitochondrial membrane

39.

The next two questions refer to the following diagram:

This molecule is "fixed" together to make glucose, which can be then used for the synthesis of more complex carbohydrates and other organic molecules.

a.      1.
b.      2.
c.      3.
d.      5.
e.      both (2) and (3) above

40.

This molecule is released as a byproduct of the light reactions and is necessary for the plants to be able to release ATP from glucose when light is not available:

a.      1.
b.      2.
c.      3.
d.      5.
e.      none of the above.