Name:     ID: 
 
Email: 

Evolution Fall 2009 Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
New alleles arise by
a.
mutation.
b.
migration.
c.
genetic drift.
d.
random mating.
e.
independent assortment.
 

 2. 
New variations in the combination of genes may be produced by
a.
immigration.
b.
mutation.
c.
crossing over.
d.
sexual reproduction.
e.
all of these
 

 3. 
If the frequency of expression of a recessive trait in a population is 16 percent, the frequency of the recessive allele would be what percent?
a.
16
b.
25
c.
40
d.
50
e.
67
 

 4. 
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the term q2 refers to the frequency of
a.
a recessive allele of a given locus.
b.
the homozygous recessive genotype at a given locus.
c.
recessive alleles in a population.
d.
heterozygotes in a population.
e.
both a and b
 

 5. 
According to Darwin, adaptive traits will increase in frequency
a.
as the mutation rate increases due to environmental pressures.
b.
if they promote survival and reproduction.
c.
if the alleles that control them decrease competitiveness.
d.
as populations grow smaller.
e.
if genetic drift allows the allele to decrease in frequency
 

 6. 
An insect that exhibits resistance to a pesticide
a.
developed the resistance in response to the pesticide.
b.
mutated when exposed to the pesticide.
c.
inherited genes that made it resistant to the pesticide.
d.
is possibly part of the natural variation within a population
e.
both  c and d are correct
 

 7. 
Stabilizing selection occurs when
a.
the environment controls which organisms will survive.
b.
humans determine which organisms will survive.
c.
the extremes of the population have a lesser chance to survive.
d.
the extremes of the population have a better chance to survive.
e.
the organisms on one extreme of the population have a better chance to survive than those on the other extreme.
 

 8. 
The influence of genetic drift on allele frequencies increases as
a.
gene flow increases.
b.
population size decreases.
c.
mutation rate decreases.
d.
the number of heterozygous loci increases.
e.
none of the above apply to genetic drift in a population
 

 9. 
Speciation is most precisely (or obviously) determined
a.
by careful observation of anatomical traits.
b.
at the moment of conception.
c.
by mutation.
d.
when interbreeding is not longer possible.
e.
at the time of birth or in early postnatal development.
 

 10. 
Two individuals are members of the same species if they
a.
possess the same number of chromosomes.
b.
breed at the same time.
c.
are phenotypically indistinguishable.
d.
can mate and produce fertile offspring.
 

 11. 
"Seasonal", "daily", "monthly" all describe isolation that can be termed
a.
behavioral.
b.
temporal.
c.
mechanical.
d.
gametic.
e.
ecological.
 

 12. 
Which of the following can result in instant speciation?
a.
development of a physical barrier
b.
polyploidy
c.
increase in physical size
d.
change in environmental conditions
e.
the introduction of a new predator into an area
 

 13. 
The bones in the forelimbs of a mammal
a.
can often be traced to a common ancestor.
b.
offer no evidence to support the theory of evolution.
c.
perform the same function no matter which species they are in.
d.
may exhibit either analogy or homology but not both when compared to the forelimb of another animal.
e.
show convergence with some invertebrate structures.
 

 14. 
In a particular environment, there are no obvious fitness differences among individuals with dark hair and individuals with light hair. The term that best describes this situation is
a.
random selection.
b.
neutral variation.
c.
random variation.
d.
natural selection.
e.
random mating.
 

 15. 
Fitness increases when an organism
a.
lives for a long time.
b.
survives many hardships.
c.
is stronger than the other organisms in its community.
d.
passes on a greater proportion of its genes to the next generation.
e.
is disease-free.
 

 16. 
An elk herd is observed over many generations. Most of the full-grown bull elk have antlers of nearly the same size, although a few have antlers that are significantly larger or smaller than this average size. The average antler size remains constant over the generations. Which of the following effects probably accounts for this situation?
a.
a bottlenecking effect that resulted in low genetic diversity
b.
a founder effect that resulted in low genetic diversity
c.
a high rate of gene flow
d.
directional selection
e.
stabilizing selection
 
 
The diagram below illustrates the change that occurred in the frequency of phenotypes in an insect population over 10 generations.


nar001-1.jpg
 

 17. 
A probable explanation for the observed change would be that over time there was
a.
their was a selective pressure favoring the dominant allele
b.
an increase in the adaptive value of gene a
c.
an increase in the adaptive value gene a
d.
an increase in the population of this insect
e.
a decrease in the mutation rate of the gene A
 

 18. 
2. Two nucleotide sequences found in two different phenotypes are almost exactly the same. This suggests that these organisms
a.
are evolving into the same species
b.
contain identical DNA
c.
may have identical evolutionary histories
d.
have the exact same mutations
e.
are closely related organisms
 
 

Seagull Saga- The following series of questions is all related to the seagull saga. Read carefully and refer back to other questions as needed.

A species of seagulls exists as a large number of different populations on separate islands of the Azores archipelago. Each population contains 100 individuals. Every generation, 5 individuals from each population disperse to other islands in the archipelago. In the following months, 5 seagulls migrate sucessfully into each population from other islands in the archipelago.
 

 19. 
Which of the following is true?
a.
There is a stringent reproductive barrier between this group of populations and therefore no gene flow within the populations.
b.
There is some gene flow between populations.
c.
There is a post-zygotic mechanism in place to prevent hybridization between the populations.
d.
Since populations are so small genetic drift will NOT affect populations.
e.
There are post-zygotic barriers in place to maintain the species barrier.
 

 20. 
In the population above, the black-colored seagull is due to a dominant allele. Mm and MM individuals are black, and mm individuals are white. In each population, 81 individuals are white-colored, with 19 black colored individuals. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the approximate frequency of the (M) allele in each population?
a.
.81
b.
.19
c.
.90
d.
.10
e.
.044
 

 21. 
During a storm, two males and two females are blown 300 miles due West, to a new isolated island uninhabited by seagulls. They reproduce and found a new population. They cannot disperse back to the original habitat, nor can any new seagulls cross to the new island. By chance, all four founding colonists were white-colored gulls. What is the new frequency of the recessive (m) allele?
a.
1.0
b.
.19
c.
.00
d.
.81
e.
.32
 

 22. 
Still considering the sea gulls, the difference in color between the new population (let’s call them New Island Gulls) and the old populations is due to ---.
a.
Stabilizing selection
b.
mutation
c.
Founder Effect
d.
Mutation
e.
Allopatric Speciation
 

 23. 
Over the course of the next 200 years, these New Island gulls evolved mating displays that differ from those of the parent population. When (ignorant) television producers introduce the original Azores archipelago gulls to the island, the two kinds of gulls find each other’s mating behavior objectionable, and therefore do not interbreed. What type of isolation mechanism keeps the two species of gulls from interbreeding?
a.
Mechanical isolation
b.
temporal isolation
c.
ecological Isolation
d.
behavioral isolation
e.
none of the above
 

 24. 
In the seagull problem above. What type of evolutionary event has occurred?
a.
allopatric speciation
b.
systematic speciation
c.
natural selection
d.
sympatric speciation
e.
artificial selection
 

 25. 
The numerous species of finches on the Galapagos Islands (Darwin's finches) are thought to have evolved as:
a.
subpopulations of birds migrated from the mainland to the many islands, each with different environments and different selective pressures.
b.
as result of adaptive speciation
c.
birds of various beak sizes and shapes each survived better in unique environments with specific food sources.
d.
both (a) and (b) above
e.
all of the above
 

Other
 

 26. 
Answer the following questions based on this diagram:

ot026-1.jpg
The diagram represents the effects of:

a.        Natural selection selecting for traits favorable in a industrial environment
b.      Natural selection selecting for traits favorable in a desert environment
c.       Natural selection selecting for traits favorable in a farm environment
d.        Artificial selection selecting for traits allowing the plants to better survive in the natural environment
e.      Artificial selection selecting for traits favored by human breeders
 

 27. 
The type of selection used to produce the vegetables can be described most as:
a.      directional selection
b.      stabilizing selection
c.      diversifying/disruptive selection
d.      gene flow
e.      genetic drift
 

 28. 
Which of the following statements is false?
a.      The vegetables listed here are able to interbreed..
b.      The vegetables belong to different species.
c.      Cabbage did not evolve into broccoli... just like apes did not evolve into humans.
d.      The Brassica oleracea is the common ancestor to all shown vegetables.
e.      None are false; all statements are true.
 

 29. 
Answer the following questions based on this diagram:

ot029-1.jpg
Which of the three types of natural selection is most likely to lead to a speciation event  in a single environment?
a.      Diagram (a)
b.      Diagram (b)
c.      Diagram (c)
d.      All types of selection can equally lead to speciation.
e.      Natural selection can not lead to speciation.
 

 30. 
Which of the following statements is false?
a.      Coat color of the organism is most likely polygenic.
b.      In the type of selection represented in diagram (a), all phenotypic variations of the original population have an equal chance of survival and reproduction.
c.      In the type of selection represented in diagram (b), one extreme phenotypic variation of the original population has the highest rate of survival and reproduction.
d.      In the type of selection represented in diagram (c), the two extreme phenotypic variations of the origianl population has the highest rate of survial and reproduction.
e.      None of the statements is false; all statements are true.
 



 
         Start Over