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Macromolecules Unit Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Propanol and isopropanol are isomers. This means that they have
a.
the same molecular formula but different chemical properties.
b.
the same molecular formula, but propanol is the liquid form of the compound and isopropanol is the gaseous form.
c.
different molecular formulas but the same chemical properties.
d.
the same molecular formula and the same chemical properties.
e.
the same number of carbon atoms but different numbers of oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
 

 2. 
Which one of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false?
a.
Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.
b.
Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers.
c.
The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal.
d.
Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare.
e.
DNA is built from just four kinds of monomers.
 

 3. 
Which list below consists of only polymers?
a.
sugars, amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids
b.
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, polysaccharides
c.
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids
d.
polysaccharides, lipids, amino acids, nucleic acids
e.
proteins, lipids, nucleotides, sugars
 

 4. 
A molecule with the formula mc004-1.jpgmc004-2.jpgmc004-3.jpg is probably a(n)
a.
protein.
b.
oil.
c.
steroid.
d.
polysaccharide.
e.
wax.
 

 5. 
A disaccharide forms when
a.
two starches join by hydrolysis.
b.
two starches join by dehydration synthesis.
c.
two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis.
d.
a starch and a monosaccharide join by dehydration synthesis.
e.
two monosaccharides join by hydrolysis.
 

 6. 
The storage form of carbohydrates in animals is __________ and in plants is __________.
a.
glycogen . . .  starch
b.
starch . . . glycogen
c.
sucrose . . . glycogen
d.
cellulose . . . glycogen
e.
glycogen . . . cellulose
 

 7. 
A triglyceride
a.
is a type of fat.
b.
consists of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.
c.
is hydrophobic.
d.
plays a role in energy storage.
e.
All of the choices are correct.
 

 8. 
Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be
a.
unsaturated.
b.
triglycerides.
c.
monoglycerides.
d.
saturated.
e.
completely hydrogenated.
 

 9. 
A phospholipid is composed of
a.
one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups.
b.
one glycerol molecule linked to three fatty acids.
c.
one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups.
d.
one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules.
e.
one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.
 

 10. 
Nucleotides
a.
contain nitrogenous bases.
b.
contain phosphate groups.
c.
contain sugar molecules.
d.
can be linked together to form nucleic acids.
e.
All of the choices are correct.
 

 11. 
A new "wonder food" is being distributed by a rival company. The researchers in your company determine that the "wonder food" contains only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food
a.
could only be made of carbohydrates.
b.
includes proteins.
c.
could only be made of triglycerides.
d.
does not include proteins or nucleic acids.
e.
includes nucleic acids.
 
 
The following four diagrams show different orientations of five water molecules.  Note that the diagrams vary in water molecule orientation and partial charges on the atoms.  Study the diagrams carefully and answer the following questions.

nar001-1.jpgnar001-2.jpg
nar001-3.jpgnar001-4.jpg
 

 12. 
Which of the above four diagrams show the correct orientation of water molecules interacting as a liquid?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
Both (1) and (4) are possible orientations.
 

 13. 
The interaction between individual water molecules:
a.
are weak interactions between opposite partial charges.
b.
break when temperature is increased.
c.
are covalent bonds.
d.
both (a) and (b) above.
e.
all answers are correct.
 

 14. 
The chemical bonds holding the single oxygen and two hydrogen atoms together in a single water molecule are ______ bonds and the bonds between multiple water molecules are _____ bonds.
a.
strong ionic..... weak hydrogen
b.
strong covalent.....weak hydrogen
c.
weak covalent..... strong hydrogen
d.
strong covalent.....strong hydrogen
e.
strong ionic.... weak covalent
 
 
The following four diagrams show the structures of different molecules.  Answer the following questions based on your ability to identify them.

nar002-1.jpg
 

 15. 
Which diagram represents the monomer units of proteins?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
Both (2) and (4)
 

 16. 
Which macromolecule is best associated with the terms saturated and unsaturated?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
All molecules have saturated and unsaturated structures.
 

 17. 
in diagram 4, the “R” represents the:
a.
amino group.
b.
carboxyl group.
c.
enzyme.
d.
active site.
e.
sidechain.
 
 
The following diagram shows a sequence of a reaction.  The numbers 1through 4 identify different parts of the overall structure.
nar003-1.jpg
 

 18. 
Numbers 1-4 highlight different parts of the structures show in the diagram.  Which part is directly involved in the tertiary interactions (tertiary structure) that determine the three dimensional structure of this macromolecule?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
Both (1) and (2)
 

 19. 
Which of the following is true about the “backbone” of this molecule?
a.
Highlighted by “1”.
b.
Highlighted by “2”.
c.
Contains carbons and nitrogens.
d.
Contains carbons, nitrogens, and sulfurs.
e.
Both (b) and (c).
 
 
The following diagram shows the different levels of structure for a type of macromolecule.  Answer the questions based on your understanding of how these structures are maintained.
nar004-1.jpg
 

 20. 
Which diagram above, 1-5, represents an alpha-helix, a type of secondary structure?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 

 21. 
Which of the following levels of structure is most likely NOT to be affected by high temperature, changes in salt concentration, and changes in pH?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 
 
Answer the following questions based on the diagram below:
nar005-1.jpg
 

 22. 
This diagram shows a:
a.
Dehydration synthesis reaction.
b.
hydrolysis reaction.
c.
Formation of a peptide bond.
d.
Both (a) and (c) above.
e.
None of the above.
 

 23. 
What molecule should be identified in place of (3)?
a.
Inhibitor.
b.
Enzyme.
c.
Water.
d.
Inhibitors.
e.
None of the above.
 
 
The two images below both show the structure of the cell membrane composed of two layers of phospholipids.  Recall the chemical characteristics of a phospholipid and its role in the function of the membrane.  The labels (numbers 1 through 5) for the two diagrams correspond to the same “part” of the two diagrams. 
nar006-1.jpg
 

 24. 
Which of the labeled regions identifies a single phospholipid molecule?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 

 25. 
What are you actually referring to when using the term “lipid bilayer”?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 
 
The diagram below shows a transmembrane protein (a protein embedded in the lipid bilayer) that acts as a channel to transport molecules across the membrane. You should recognize the parts of the lipid bilayer by comparing them to an earlier question which shows the membrane in the same view.

The boxed area highlights details of the protein chain that sits in the membrane.  Each “R” represents a separate sidechain and is labeled 1 through 5.  Answer the following questions based on your understanding of the structure and characteristics of amino acids, proteins, and the lipid bilayer.
nar007-1.jpg
 

 26. 
This protein exhibits secondary structure characteristics called:
a.
backbones.
b.
hydrophilic.
c.
beta sheets.
d.
alpha helices.
e.
disulfide bonds.
 

 27. 
The sidechains labeled 4 and 5 can possibly belong to which of the following amino acids?
a.
Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and valine.
b.
Alanine, glycine, and proline.
c.
Asparagine, glutamine, and threonine.
d.
Both (a) and (b) above.
e.
None of the above.
 

 28. 
Which of the following statements must be true about the amino acid sidechain labeled 1?
a.
This sidechain must have similar chemical characteristics to that of fatty acid chains.
b.
This sidechain must be able to interact with nonpolar molecules.
c.
This sidechain must be able to interact with water.
d.
Both (a) and (b) above can be true.
e.
Both (a) and (c) above can be true.
 
 
nar008-1.jpg
 

 29. 
Which of the choices correctly identifies only examples of tertiary structure in the above diagram?
a.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
b.
1, 3, 5
c.
1, 2 ,4
d.
3 only
e.
3, 4, 5
 

 30. 
Which of the above interaction could be characterized as an hydrophobic interaction?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 
 
Using diagrams below answer the following questions.
nar009-1.jpg
 

 31. 
Correctly pair the molecules in the diagrams above.
a.
4.....5
b.
1.....4 and 5
c.
2.....4
d.
3.....5
e.
both c and d are correctly paired
 
 

Figure 2: Molecules Essential for Life
nar010-1.jpg
 

 32. 
Which of the following diagrams are correctly linked in the answers below:
a.
1, 2, 5 are all members of the macromolecules group known as lipids
b.
2, 3, 4 are all members of the carbohydrate macromolecule group
c.
4 and 5 are members of the protein macromolecule group
d.
3, 4, and 5 are members of the lipid macromolecule group
e.
none of the above are completely correct
 

 33. 
Which of the following correctly compares the structure to one of its common functions.
a.
1-insulation
b.
2- stabilization of the cell membrane
c.
3- energy molecule
d.
4.- energy storage in plants
e.
5- part of membrane construction
f.
all of the above are correct
g.
some of the above are correct
h.
all of the above are incorrect
 

 34. 
Which of the following is correctly pairs the possible monomer unit (or monomer-like unit) to the polymer (or polymer-like unit)?
a.
7 is the monomer unit to 2
b.
2 is the monomer unit to 7
c.
3 is the monomer unit of 4
d.
5 is monomer-like unit of 1
e.
both c and d are true
 
 
Figure 3- Protein Structure
nar011-1.jpg
 

 35. 
The above diagram is showing
a.
secondary structure in a protein
d.
quarternary structure in a protein
b.
a beta sheet in a protein
e.
backbone interactions of a polypeptide
c.
tertiary interactions in a protein
f.
a, b, e,  are correct
 
 
Figure 4 Protein Structure
nar012-1.jpg
 

 36. 
The image shown above shows a specific level of protein structure.
a.
The image shows primary level of protein structure through the entire protein
b.
The image shows three alpha helixes and two beta sheets within the protein
c.
The image shows tertiary level of structure by showing sidechain interactions
d.
The image shows quarternary level of structure. There are several polypeptide chains visible.
e.
both c and d are correct
 
 
Figure 5-Lysosyme

nar013-1.jpg
 

 37. 
The above views of the protein Lyzozyme shows the protein in two different ways. Which statement best explains the differences within the views.
a.
View 1 shows the details of the primary sequence of the protein whereas View 2 only shows the backbone of the polypeptide
b.
View 1 and 2 are showing the exact same information
c.
View 1 shows the secondary structure of a protein whereas view 2 shows the globular, spacefill view of the protein.
d.
View 1 shows the sidechains that are in the active site of the protein whereas view 2 shows only tertiary and structure
e.
all of the above are correct
 

 38. 
Using the lyzozyme image above compare the areas highlight by 3 and 4. Which statement is correct?
a.
the sidechains of area 4 are forming the structural motif known as the beta-sheet.
b.
the backbone interations of area 4 are forming the structural motif knows as the beta sheet
c.
The red area highlighted in 4 shows a Beta sheet
d.
the backbone interactions of area 4 are forming the structural motif knowns as the alpha-helix
e.
the sidechain interactions of area 4 are forming the structureal motif known as the beta- sheet.
 

 39. 
Areas highlighted by 3 and 4 ---.
a.
are examples of secondary structure
b.
are examples of tertiary structure
c.
are examples of quarternary sturcture
d.
are examples of primary structure
e.
both a and d are correct
 

 40. 
Compare the information conveyed through the are labeled 5 and the area labeled 6.
Which of the following statements are correct?
a.
Area 6 shows a sidechain
b.
Area 5 shows several sidechains
c.
Area 6 shows only backbone
d.
Area 5 shows only backbone
e.
a and d are correct
 



 
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