If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be

Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called

The term gene expression refers to the

The coding regions of a gene (the portions that are expressed as polypeptide sequences) are called

The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant __________ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs.

Use the diagram to answer the following questions.

The entire process represented here can be called:

This molecule is made of amino acids.

The flow of genetic information in a cell can be primarily described as DNA®RNA®Protein.  Which of the following combinations represents this pathway?

The following diagram shows a molecule of DNA.  The labels 1 through 4 point at different parts and characteristics of the molecule.

Answer the following questions based on the diagram.

Which of the following statements is false regarding the diagram?

The DNA monomer unit, labeled “3”, consists of the following:

Which of the following concepts are not used to describe the characteristics and/or functions of this molecule?

The following diagram represents the Lac operon in two different environments.  Answer the following questions based on this diagram.

The repressor protein can bind:

The molecule labeled (8) is:

The molecules labeled (10) are used by the bacteria to:

The following plasmid map shows the three genes on the plasmid pBIO.  The GFP gene and ampicillin resistance gene (AMP^R) are regulated by a promoter that is always “on”.  Therefore, the genes are always expressed once in a cell.  The kanamycin resistance gene (KAN^R) is regulated by the Lac operon.  Kanamycin is another antibiotic that prevents the grow of bacteria.

Plates labeled with “Amp” and “Kan” contain the corresponding antibiotics.  The plate labeled with “lactose” contains the sugar lactose.  A bacterial culture is transformed with pBIO and successfully transformed cells are plated on all four plates shown below.

Answer the questions based on your understanding of transformation, regulation by the Lac operon, and gene expression.

You transform bacteria (E.coli) with the plasmid pBIO.  The successfully transformed cells are plated onto the four plates above.  On which plate will you not see any growth?

Which of the following is not an observation you will make?

Which of the following is false about the plasmid pBIO?

Below is the plasmid map of pAMP.  The plasmid has a single ampicillin resistance gene and an origin of replication.  Restriction sites and corresponding nucleotide numbers are shown.  The entire size of pAMP is 4539 base pairs (bp).

The plasmid was cut with the enzymes BamHI and EcoRI. This reaction produced two fragments with sizes 1120bp and 3419bp. You accidentally mix up the digestion reaction with another that you were using for a separate experiment (this is why you should always label tubes!).  Unable to figure out which tube contained your original digestion reaction, you run samples of both tubes in a gel along with a ladder. The ladder standards are DNA fragments with the following sizes: 5000, 4000, 3000, 2000, and 1000. The diagram to the right shows the resulting gel.

Which of the following statements are true?

You prepare another restriction digestion and digest pAMP with the enzyme BglI.  When you run this DNA sample in a gel, how many bands should you see?

You use PCR to detect for genetically modified corn in food.  The diagram below shows the specific sequences amplified by three different sets of PCR primers.  The following are the sizes of the amplified products of each primer set:

CMV 35S = 210, NOS = 200, and PSII = 400.

You extract DNA from two food samples (Pingry corn muffin and Veggie burger).  Each sample is used to prepare three separate PCR reactions; each contain one of three primer sets. 

Lanes 2 through 4 contain PCR products from the corn muffin.  Lanes 5 through 7 contain PCR products from the veggie burger.  The three reaction are loaded in the following order from left to right for each sample: PSII, CMV 35S, NOS.

The ladder in lane 1 contain the following DNA fragments (in bp): 1000, 800, 600, 500, 300, 200.

Which statement is not consistent with the results of the gel?

Since you don’t see a band in lanes 6 and 7, you suspect that you were not able to successfully extract DNA from the veggie burger.  Your lab partner tells you that you are wrong.  What observation might your lab partner be using to disagree with you?

Which of the following most accurately describes the necessary components of the  PCR reaction used in this experiment?

The following image represents a prokaryotic gene. The highlighted regions corresponds to different components of the gene including- promoter, coding region, and terminator. Use the image to answer the following questions.

The mRNA transcript will be generated from copying DNA into RNA between which arrows?

The above image shows a plasmid digest with Ava I enzyme on three different plasmids.
Which of the following explanation best describes the results observed from the gel.

The plasmids digested above do NOT contain insert. They are plasmids PRIOR to be ligated to the cDNa insert of duckweed. Draw the possible plasmid maps for each plasmid shown in the gel image. Plasmid maps require the labeling of the restriction sites.