Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A population is a group of individuals of the same species. According to
the theory of natural selection, what is likely to happen to a population when a change occurs in its
environment (for example, the amount of rainfall decreases or the temperature increases)?
a. | The individuals that have traits better suited to the changed environment would be
more likely to survive and reproduce than those with less suitable traits. | b. | All of the
individuals would try to develop new traits so that they could survive and reproduce in the changed
environment. | c. | Some of the individuals would try to develop new traits so that they could survive
and reproduce, and the other individuals would die. | d. | Because all individuals of the same species
have the same traits, one individual would never have an advantage over another in its
population. They would either all survive or all die. |
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2.
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A species of bird ate many types of seeds, each type coming from a different
species of tree. The birds' beaks varied in size, with some individuals having slightly
smaller beaks and others having slightly larger beaks.
A few years went by without much rain, and the only species of tree that
survived had large seeds. Many generations later, almost all the birds had the slightly larger
beaks. How is this best explained? a. | The birds with larger beaks were better at eating the large seeds than those with
smaller beaks, so only the birds with larger beaks got enough food to survive, reproduce, and pass
the trait of large beaks to the next generation. | b. | The birds with smaller beaks had to work harder
than those with larger beaks to crack open the large seeds. The more they used their beaks, the
larger their beaks became, so they were able to get enough food to survive, reproduce, and pass the
traits of large beaks to the next generation. | c. | The birds with smaller beaks grew their beaks
so that they would be better able to eat the large seeds and get enough food to survive, reproduce,
and pass the trait of larger beaks to the next generation. | d. | It was a chance
occurrence that all the individual birds' beaks in the next generation were larger. They
were therefore able to eat the large seeds and get enough food to survive, reproduce, and pass the
trait of large beaks to the next generation. |
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3.
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Which of the following correctly describes what happens when a population of
bacteria becomes resistant to an antibiotic? Note: a bacterium is one individual in a group of
bacteria.
a. | During treatment with an antibiotic, each individual bacterium tries to become
resistant to the antibiotic. Only some are able to willingly become resistant, and these
individuals survive to pass this trait to their offspring. | b. | During treatment
with an antibiotic, all of the bacteria gradually become more resistant to the antibiotic the more
they are exposed to it. They all survive and pass this trait to their
offspring. | c. | During treatment with an antibiotic, a population of bacteria usually dies.
Sometimes by chance, all members of the population become resistant at once, survive, and pass their
resistance to their offspring. | d. | During treatment with an antibiotic, only those
individual bacteria that already have a trait that helps them survive the effects of the antibiotic
will live. Their offspring in the next generation will also have this
trait. |
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4.
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A change in the relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population
is called
a. | diversifying selection. | b. | evolution. | c. | genetic
drift. | d. | directional selection. | e. | mutation. |
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5.
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New alleles arise by
a. | mutation. | b. | migration. | c. | genetic
drift. | d. | random mating. | e. | independent
assortment. |
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6.
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In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
in a population are represented by
a. | p2. | b. | 2pq. | c. | q2. | d. | q or p. | e. | None of the choices
are correct. |
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7.
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If the frequency of the recessive allele is 30 percent, the frequency of
the heterozygous carrier would be what percent?
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8.
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According to Darwin, adaptive traits will increase in frequency
a. | as the mutation rate increases due to environmental pressures. | b. | if they promote
survival and reproduction. | c. | if the alleles that control them decrease
competitiveness. | d. | as populations grow smaller. | e. | if the trait is
recessive. |
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9.
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Two individuals are members of the same species if they
a. | possess the same number of chromosomes. | b. | breed at the same
time. | c. | are phenotypically indistinguishable. | d. | can mate and produce fertile
offspring. | e. | are able to produce many offspring.. |
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10.
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Which of the following evolve?
a. | populations | b. | individuals | c. | couples | d. | families | e. | single cells in a
body |
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11.
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Directional selection occurs when
a. | the environment controls which organisms will survive. | b. | humans determine
which organisms will survive. | c. | the extremes of the population have a lesser
chance to survive. | d. | the extremes of the population have a better
chance to survive. | e. | the organisms on one extreme of the population
have a better chance to survive than do those on the other extreme. |
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12.
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Speciation occurs
a. | after populations diverge and become reproductively isolated. | b. | when mutations
generate observable differences. | c. | when transitional forms develop between
different populations. | d. | when natural selection pressures reach their
maximum. | e. | when humans intervene and establish new breeds. |
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Answer the following questions based on this diagram:
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13.
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Which of the three types of natural selection is most likely to lead to
speciation in a single environment?
a. | Diagram A | b. | Diagram B | c. | Diagram
C | d. | All types of selection can equally lead to speciation | e. | Natural selection
cannot lead to speciation |
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14.
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Which of the following statements is false?
a. | Because there are more than two shades of coat color, the trait must be determined by
a single gene with two alleles inherited in basic Mendelian patterns. | b. | In the type of
selection represented in diagram (a), the most common phenotypic variation of the original population
have the highest chance of survival and reproduction. | c. | In the type of selection represented in diagram
(b), one extreme phenotypic variation of the original population has the highest rate of survival and
reproduction. | d. | In the type of selection represented in diagram (c), the two extreme phenotypic
variations of the original population has the highest rate of survival and
reproduction. | e. | None of the statements is false; all statements are
true. |
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Answer the following questions based on this diagram:
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15.
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The diagram represents the effects of:
a. | Natural selection selecting for traits favorable in a industrial
environment. | b. | Natural selection selecting for traits favorable in a desert
environment. | c. | Natural selection selecting for traits favorable in a farm
environment. | d. | Artificial selection selecting for traits allowing the plants to better survive in
the natural environment. | e. | Artificial selection selecting for traits
favored by human breeders. |
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16.
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The type of selection used to produce the vegetables be best described
as:
a. | directional selection. | b. | stabilizing selection. | c. | diversifying/disruptive selection. | d. | gene flow. | e. | genetic
mutations. |
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17.
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Which of the following statements is false?
a. | The vegetables listed here are able to interbreed. | b. | The vegetables
belong to different species. | c. | Cabbage did not evolve into broccoli... just
like monkeys did not evolve into humans. | d. | The Brassica oleracea is the common
ancestor to all shown vegetables. | e. | None are false; all statements are
true. |
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18.
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Which of the following statements related to the above diagram is
false?
a. | Small variations in the original population can be selected over many generations to
enhance the favorable characteristic. | b. | Artificial selection can lead to the breeding
of many organisms beneficial to humans. | c. | Such selection would be more difficult if
starting with a population that is genetically identical to each other. | d. | Artificial selection
and natural selection are identical forces except for what/who determines what phenotypes are
“fit”. | e. | All statements are true. None of them are
false. |
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The following image shows a large island with smaller associated
islands. Island 1 and 2 are somewhat similar in rain fall, plant life and geography, whereas
island 3 has constant warm temperatures with plentiful rainfall. Island 3 is also the oldest of the
three associated islands by over 2 million years. The letters represent populations of a species
of lizard. C is the original population of lizard for this species. The development of the
mountain range segregated the lizard populations C and B though they can successfully breed
when introduced. Due to currents and prevailing winds B gave rise to population A and C gave rise to
D. Population E is phenotypically very different from from all other populations. There is
significant differences in size, mating behavoirs, and habitats.
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19.
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If alleles are exchanged regularly between populations A and B and rarely
between A and C, which of the following is/are logical conclusions?
a. | There is significant gene flow between all three populations. | b. | There is NO gene
flow between all three populations. | c. | Gene flow occurs between A and B and genetic
drift occurs in all three populations. | d. | Gene flow occurs between A and B and there is
no gene flow between A and C. | e. | A, B, C have identical allelic
frequency. |
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20.
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The extreme divergence of population E may have due to
a. | the Founder Effect | b. | Microevolution | c. | the effects of
genetic drift | d. | a change in allelic frequency | e. | all of the above are
true. |
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21.
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In 1999, Island 2 had 100 individuals with 4 out of the population showing the
homozygous recessive phenotype but in 2010 the population grew to 112 individuals with 3 showing the
homozygous recessive phenotype. Is the population in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium or are we seeing
microevolution? Which of the following supports your conclusion?
a. | We cannot tell from this information. | b. | We need the frequency of alleles from the
surrounding islands. | c. | Yes, there is a change in the frequency of
alleles. | d. | No, there is no change in the frequency of alleles. |
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22.
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The Hardy-Weinberg formula
a. | is useful in determining the extent to which a sexually reproducing population is
evolving. | b. | is used to predict when genetic drift will occur in a sexually reproducing
population. | c. | is useful in determining the extent to which polyploidy is occurring in specific
plant populations. | d. | is used to predict when specific groups of
organisms will become extinct. | e. | all of these |
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23.
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Based on the
above which of the following is true? a. | The lesser panda and the giant panda are very closely related | b. | The lesser panda is
more closely related to the raccoon than to the giant panda | c. | The dog and the
giant panda have the most recent common ancestor. | d. | The dog is partly like a
bear. | e. | All of the above are true |
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Seagull Saga- The following page of questions is all related to the
seagull saga. Read carefully and refer back to other questions as needed.
A species of
seagulls exists as a large number of different populations on separate islands of the Azores
archipelago. Each population contains 100 individuals. Every generation, 5 individuals from each
population disperse to other islands in the archipelago. In the following months, 5 seagulls migrate
into each population from other islands in the archipelago.
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24.
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Which of the following is true?
a. | There is a reproductive barrier between this group of populations and therefore no
gene flow. | b. | There is some gene flow between populations. | c. | There is a
post-zygotic mechanism in place to prevent hybridization between the populations | d. | Since populations
are so small genetic drift will NOT affect populations |
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25.
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In the population above, the black-colored seagull is due to a dominant allele.
Mm and MM individuals are black, and mm individuals are white. In each population, 81 individuals are
white-colored, with 19 black colored individuals. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the
approximate frequency of the (M) allele in each population?
a. | .81 | b. | .19 | c. | .90 | d. | .10 | e. | .044 |
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26.
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During a storm, two males and two females are blown 300 miles due West, to a new
isolated island uninhabited by seagulls. They reproduce and found a new population. They cannot
disperse back to the original habitat, nor can any new seagulls cross to the new island. By chance,
all four original colonists were white-colored gulls. What is the new frequency of the recessive (m)
allele?
a. | 1.0 | b. | .19 | c. | 0.0 | d. | .81 | e. | .31 |
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27.
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Still considering the sea gulls, the difference in color between the newly
formed population and the old populations is due to ---.
A) Stabilizing
selection B)
Mutation
C) Founder
Effect D)
Allopatric speciation
a. | Stabilizing selection | b. | Mutation | c. | Allopatric
speciation | d. | Founder Effect | e. | Sympatric
speciation |
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28.
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Over the course of the next 200 years, these New Island gulls evolved mating
displays that differ from those of the parent population.
When television producers introduce the
original Azores archipelago gulls
to the new island gulls, the two kinds of gulls find each
other’s mating behavior objectionable, and do not interbreed. What type of isolation mechanism
keeps the two species of gulls from interbreeding?
a. | Mechanical Isolation | b. | Temporal isolation | c. | Ecological
Isolation | d. | Behavioral Isolation | e. | Microevolution |
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