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TEST 2011 Macromolecules and Part of Cell

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
 
The following four diagrams show the structures of different molecules.  Answer the following questions based on your ability to identify them.

nar001-1.jpg
 

 1. 
Which macromolecule is best associated with the terms saturated and unsaturated?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
All molecules have saturated and unsaturated structures.
 

 2. 
in diagram 4, the “R” represents the:
a.
amino group.
b.
carboxyl group.
c.
enzyme.
d.
active site.
e.
sidechain.
 
 
The following diagram shows a sequence of a reaction.  The numbers 1through 4 identify different parts of the overall structure.
nar002-1.jpg
 

 3. 
This reaction is facilitated by which structure in the cell?
a.
DNA polymerase
b.
RNA polymerase
c.
Ribosome
d.
Nucleus
e.
Hydrolase
 
 
The following diagram shows the different levels of structure for a type of macromolecule.  Answer the questions based on your understanding of how these structures are maintained.
nar003-1.jpg
 

 4. 
Which diagram above, 1-5, represents an alpha-helix, a type of secondary structure?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 

 5. 
Which image represents the interaction of multiple polypeptides to form a functional protein?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 
 
Identify the diagram below and answer the following questions.
nar004-1.jpg
 

 6. 
This molecule is a _____, which belongs to the _____ group of macromolecules.
a.
amino acid... protein.
b.
phospholipid... polysaccharide.
c.
phospholipid... lipid.
d.
monomer... polymer.
e.
monosaccharide... polysaccharide.
 

 7. 
“The predicted nature of the labeled area _____ is _____ due to _____.”  Which of the following accurately complete this statement?
a.
1... polar... due to the large phosphate group with multiple oxygen atoms.
b.
2... nonpolar... the large number of C-H bonds that tend to share electrons evenly.
c.
4... hydrophilic... double bonds within the fatty acid tail.
d.
Both (a) and (b)
e.
All of the above.
 
 
The two images below both show the structure of the cell membrane composed of two layers of phospholipids.  Recall the chemical characteristics of a phospholipid and its role in the function of the membrane.  The labels (numbers 1 through 5) for the two diagrams correspond to the same “part” of the two diagrams. 
nar005-1.jpg
 

 8. 
Which of the labeled regions identifies a single phospholipid molecule?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 

 9. 
What are you actually referring to when using the term “lipid bilayer”?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 
 
The diagram below shows a transmembrane protein (a protein embedded in the lipid bilayer) that acts as a channel to transport molecules across the membrane. You should recognize the parts of the lipid bilayer by comparing them to an earlier question which shows the membrane in the same view.

The boxed area highlights details of the protein chain that sits in the membrane.  Each “R” represents a separate sidechain and is labeled 1 through 5.  Answer the following questions based on your understanding of the structure and characteristics of amino acids, proteins, and the lipid bilayer.
nar006-1.jpg
 

 10. 
This protein exhibits secondary structure characteristics called:
a.
backbones.
b.
hydrophilic.
c.
beta sheets.
d.
alpha helices.
e.
disulfide bonds.
 

 11. 
The sidechains labeled 4 and 5 can possibly belong to which of the following amino acids?
a.
Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and valine.
b.
Alanine, glycine, and proline.
c.
Asparagine, glutamine, and threonine.
d.
Both (a) and (b) above.
e.
None of the above.
 

 12. 
Which of the following statements must be true about the amino acid sidechain labeled 1?
a.
This sidechain must have similar chemical characteristics to that of fatty acid chains.
b.
This sidechain must be able to interact with nonpolar molecules.
c.
This sidechain must be able to interact with water.
d.
Both (a) and (b) above can be true.
e.
Both (a) and (c) above can be true.
 
 
Protein Structure: Using the following diagram correctly answer the following questions.
nar007-1.jpg
 

 13. 
The diagram above is a representation of a(an)
a.
amino acid
b.
polypeptide
c.
primary level of structure of a protein
d.
sidechains
e.
both b. and c.
 

 14. 
Which of the labeled areas best identifies the amino terminus of the protein
a.
a.
b.
b.
c.
c.
d.
c.
e.
e.
 

 15. 
The region labeled C is best (or most specifically) described as
a.
an R group or side chain
b.
a covalent bond between two amino acids
c.
a beta sheet
d.
a secondary structure
e.
a tertiary interaction
 
 
Using diagrams below answer the following questions.
nar008-1.jpg
 

 16. 
Correctly pair the molecules in the diagrams above.
a.
4.....5
b.
1.....4 and 5
c.
2.....4
d.
3.....5
e.
both c and d are correctly paired
 

 17. 
Using the diagrams above correctly identify a trigyceride.
a.
1 and 6 are both trigyclerides
b.
1 is a phospholipid
c.
6 is phospholipid
d.
4 is a triglyceride
e.
3 is a triglyceride
 
 
Using the diagram answer the following questions.

nar009-1.jpg
 

 18. 
Which of the following correctly  matches the chemical nature with the identified regions?
a.
2.....polar
b.
3.....charged
c.
4.....rotational
d.
1..... hydrophilic
e.
all of the above are correctly matched areas
 

 19. 
Which end of the molecule will be reactive when considering dehydration synthesis of a triglyceride?
a.
1
b.
3
c.
4
d.
2 or 5
e.
none of the above regions are involved in a dehydration synthesis reaction
 

 20. 
Which of the following terms best describes this molecule?
a.
fatty acid
b.
saturated fatty acid
c.
polypeptide
d.
phospholipid
e.
triglyceride
 
 
nar010-1.jpg
 

 21. 
Which of the identified parts corresponds to glycolipid?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
6
 
 

Figure 2: Molecules Essential for Life
nar011-1.jpg
 

 22. 
Which of the following diagrams are correctly linked in the answers below:
a.
1, 2, 5 are all members of the macromolecules group known as lipids
b.
2, 3, 4 are all members of the carbohydrate macromolecule group
c.
4 and 5 are members of the protein macromolecule group
d.
3, 4, and 5 are members of the lipid macromolecule group
e.
none of the above are completely correct
 

 23. 
Which of the following is correctly pairs the possible monomer unit (or monomer-like unit) to the polymer (or polymer-like unit)?
a.
7 is the monomer unit to 2
b.
2 is the monomer unit to 7
c.
3 is the monomer unit of 4
d.
5 is monomer-like unit of 1
e.
both c and d are true
 
 
Figure 3- Protein Structure
nar012-1.jpg
 

 24. 
The above diagram is showing
a.
secondary structure in a protein
d.
quarternary structure in a protein
b.
a beta sheet in a protein
e.
backbone interactions of a polypeptide
c.
tertiary interactions in a protein
f.
a, b, e,  are correct
 
 
Figure 5-Lysosyme

nar013-1.jpg
 

 25. 
Using the lyzozyme image above compare the areas highlight by 3 and 4. Which statement is correct?
a.
the sidechains of area 4 are forming the structural motif known as the beta-sheet.
b.
the backbone interations of area 4 are forming the structural motif knows as the beta sheet
c.
The red area highlighted in 4 shows a Beta sheet
d.
the backbone interactions of area 4 are forming the structural motif knowns as the alpha-helix
e.
the sidechain interactions of area 4 are forming the structureal motif known as the beta- sheet.
 
 

Observe the following image carefully and answer the following questions.

nar014-1.jpg
 

 26. 
The cell in the above diagram is very clearly a eurkaryotic cell. Choose below the answer the cites the evidence for this claim
a.
the presence of cytoplasm which is highlighted by #5.
b.
The presence of cell membrane
c.
the presence of nucleus (1), rough ER (2), and golgi apparatus (3)
d.
the presence of a flagella
e.
the prssence of a mitochondria
 
 
Observe the following image carefully and answer the following questions.

nar015-1.jpg
 

 27. 
The image above is a example of a --- cell, which is a --- type of cell.
a.
plant cell........prokaryotic
b.
animal......eukaryotic
c.
plant........eukaryotic
d.
bacteria......viral
e.
walled........rotational
 
 

Observe the following diagram and answer the following questions.


nar016-1.jpg
 

 28. 
Which structure(s) identified above is (are) unique only to plant cells?
a.
1
b.
1.....2
c.
1.....2.....3
d.
2.....3.....4
e.
1.....2.....3.....4.....5.
 

 29. 
The structure labeled (3) is specifically involved in---.
a.
protein synthesis
b.
harvesting sunlight and converting it to chemical energy
c.
storage of pigments and starch
d.
storage of genetic material
e.
all of the above are possible in this structure
 

 30. 
Which of the above labeled structures (is) are constructed from a structural polysacharride?
a.
1
b.
1 and 2
c.
2 and 3
d.
4
e.
3 and 5
 
 
nar017-1.jpg
 

 31. 
Using the above diagram which of the following choices are unique only to eukaryotic cells
a.
1 and 2
b.
1 and 2 and 3
c.
1 and 4 and 5
d.
4 and 5
e.
5
 

 32. 
You now know that the old cliche "oil and water don't mix" is true. Why?
a.
Water exhibits polarity and oil does not.
b.
Oil exhibits polarity and water does not.
c.
Oil is an organic compound and water is not.
d.
Oil is hydrophilic.
e.
Water is hydrophobic.
 

 33. 
Which list below consists of only polymers?
a.
sugars, amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids
b.
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, polysaccharides
c.
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids
d.
polysaccharides, lipids, amino acids, nucleic acids
e.
proteins, lipids, nucleotides, sugars
 

 34. 
The molecular formula of most monosaccharides represents a multiple of
a.
CH3O.
b.
CHO.
c.
CHO2.
d.
CH2O.
e.
CHO3.
 

 35. 
The storage form of carbohydrates in animals is __________ and in plants is __________.
a.
glycogen . . .  starch
b.
starch . . . glycogen
c.
sucrose . . . glycogen
d.
cellulose . . . glycogen
e.
glycogen . . . cellulose
 

 36. 
Nucleotides
a.
contain nitrogenous bases.
b.
contain phosphate groups.
c.
contain sugar molecules.
d.
can be linked together to form nucleic acids.
e.
All of the choices are correct.
 

 37. 
A new "wonder food" is being distributed by a rival company. The researchers in your company determine that the "wonder food" contains only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food
a.
could only be made of carbohydrates.
b.
includes proteins.
c.
could only be made of triglycerides.
d.
does not include proteins or nucleic acids.
e.
includes nucleic acids.
 

 38. 
As cell size increases, the
a.
volume and surface area decrease.
b.
surface area increases faster than the volume.
c.
volume increases faster than the surface area.
d.
surface area and volume increase at the same rate.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 39. 
You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude that the cells
a.
could be either plant or bacterial.
b.
could be plant, animal, or bacterial.
c.
are animal cells.
d.
are plant cells.
e.
are bacteria.
 

 40. 
The cells that produce hair contain a lot of __________.  The cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of __________.
a.
nuclei . . . chromatin
b.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum . . . lysosomes
c.
microbodies . . . lysosomes
d.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum . . . rough endoplasmic reticulum
e.
rough endoplasmic reticulum . . . smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 



 
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