Name:     ID: 
 
Email: 

May 8 DNA Structure and Function and Gene Expression

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which of the following nucleotide sequences represents the complementary sequence that would bind to the DNA strand 5'-GACGTT-3'?
a.
5'-TCATGG-3'
b.
3'-TCATGG-5'
c.
3'-CTGCAA-5'
d.
3'-AGTACC-5'
e.
5'-TTGCAG-3'
 
 
The following diagram shows a molecule of DNA.  The labels 1 through 4 point at different parts and characteristics of the molecule.

Answer the following questions based on the diagram.

nar001-1.jpg
 

 2. 
Which of the following statements is false regarding the diagram?
a.
“1” are covalent bonds that hold the adjacent DNA strands together.
b.
“2” is the 3’ end of DNA.
c.
“4” is the “end” where new nucleotides would be added by DNA polymerase.
d.
Both (a) and (c) are false.
e.
All statements are false.
 

 3. 
The DNA monomer unit, labeled “3”, consists of the following:
a.
Phosphate group, deoxyribose, nitrogenous base.
b.
Phosphate group, ribose, nitrogenous base.
c.
Phosphate group, three fatty acids.
d.
Phosphate group, glucose, Adenine
e.
Deoxyribose, glucose, nitrogenous base.
 

 4. 
Which of the following concepts are not used to describe the characteristics and/or functions of this molecule?
a.
sidechain
b.
antiparallel
c.
complementary bases
d.
double stranded
e.
negatively charged
 
 
The following diagram shows one end of a replication bubble.  Labels “1” through “6” point at separate objects.  “7” and “8” point at the two separate strands of the molecule.

Answer the following questions based on your understanding of replication and this diagram.
nar002-1.jpg
 

 5. 
Which statement is true?
a.
The enzyme labeled “1” breaks covalent bonds to separate the double stranded DNA.
b.
The enzyme labeled “2” adds DNA nucleotides to the 5’ end of the new, extending strand of DNA.
c.
“4” is the promoter sequence.
d.
“7” points at the 3’ end of DNA.
e.
The enzyme labeled “3” creates RNA primers necessary for DNA polymerase.
 

 6. 
The two, newly synthesized, DNA molecules at the replication fork can be described as the “leading” and “lagging” strands.  Which of the following statements is false?
a.
The top strand is the leading strand.
b.
The leading strand must be created in multiple fragments that are later connected by the enzyme ligase.
c.
Starting at the origin of replication, the leading strand requires a single RNA primer.
d.
Both (a) and (b) are false.
e.
Both (b) and (c) are false.
 

 7. 
When the process shown here is not completed with a 100% accuracy, the result can lead to
a.
denaturation.
b.
a covalent bond.
c.
plasmolysis.
d.
a mutation
e.
facilitated diffusion.
 

 8. 
This process can be described as being
a.
stabilizing.
b.
semi-conservative.
c.
disruptive.
d.
radiating.
e.
tertiary.
 
 
The following is the beginning sequence of a gene that is transcribed onto mRNA (you can assume that the entire sequence here is transcribed).  The sequence shown is from the strand that is not transcribed.

T T C G A T G G G C T T C A A C C



Based on your understanding of the processes involved in gene expression, determine the sequence of amino acids that will be coded by the sequence above.  You must take into consideration the regulatory elements of translation.  The genetic code is provided for your convenience.

nar003-1.jpg
 

 9. 
What is the amino acid sequence coded by the DNA sequence?
a.
Met-Phe-Asp-Gly-Leu
b.
Phe-Asp-Gly-Leu-Gln
c.
Met-Gly-Phe-Asn
d.
Phe-Leu-Val-Val-Asn
e.
Met-Gly-Cys-Leu
 

 10. 
A mutation occurs changing a single DNA nucleotide in the sequence. Which of the following is true?
a.
This is an example of a substitution mutation.
b.
This is an example of a frameshift mutation.     
c.
It is possible that the resulting amino acid sequence is unchanged.     
d.
The entire amino acid sequence of the protein is always affected.
e.
Both (a) and (c) are true
 
 
Answer the questions based on your understanding of the following diagram.  Numbers 1, 2, and 5 point at separate molecules.  Numbers 3 and 4 point at regions of molecule 2.

nar004-1.jpg
 

 11. 
The enzyme labeled 1 is:
a.
RNA polymerase.
b.
DNA polymerase.
c.
capable of adding new nucleotides to a growing nucleic acid.
d.
Both (a) and (c) are correct.
e.
Both (b) and (c) are correct.
 

 12. 
Which statement is false regarding the region labeled 3.
a.
It is the promoter.
b.
It is the start codon.
c.
The sequence here is NOT “written” onto the molecule labeled 5.
d.
It is a sequence of DNA.
e.
Both (b) and (d) are false.
 

 13. 
Which of the following statements is true?
a.
The molecule “5” is later translated by the ribosome.
b.
In eukaryotes, this process occurs in the cytoplasm.
c.
The enzyme “1” recognizes the start codon.
d.
The enzyme “1” recognizes the stop codon.
e.
The molecule “2” is RNA.
 

 14. 
Which of the following is a wrong association of structure and function:
a.
1; transcription
b.
1; translation
c.
3; initiates transcription
d.
3; acts as the promoter
e.
5; used in translation
 
 
Answer the questions based on the following diagram.  All labels point at the entire “object” except for 4 and 6.  4 and 6 point at a specific part of the larger object.

nar005-1.jpg
 

 15. 
Which of the following statements is false regarding the “anticodon”?
a.
It is associated with the structure labeled “4”.
b.
It is complementary to corresponding sequences on the structure labeled “5”.
c.
It is a sequence of nucleotides.
d.
It is a sequence of amino acids.
e.
Both (b) and (d) are false.
 

 16. 
Which of the following statements are false regarding the structures identified as 1?
a.
They are nucleotides.
b.
They are formed into chains by the structure “7”.
c.
“2” represents a chain of these molecules.
d.
They are amino acids.
e.
They form proteins.
 

 17. 
Which of the following statements is true?
a.
This diagram represents protein replication.
b.
The structure labeled “7” is a membrane-bound organelle.
c.
Structures “3”, “5”, and “7” all are or contain parts that are made of RNA.
d.
The structure labeled “3” is a protein.
e.
This process creates more DNA for the cell.
 
 
Use the diagram to answer the following questions.

nar006-1.jpg
 

 18. 
Which process is most dependent on the ribosome?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 

 19. 
The flow of genetic information in a cell can be primarily described as DNA®RNA®Protein.  Which of the following combinations represents this pathway?
a.
1, 2, 3
b.
1, 4, 2
c.
2, 5, 3
d.
3, 2, 1
e.
1, 1, 2
 
 
Answer the following questions based on the diagram below.
nar007-1.jpg
 

 20. 
Which of the following statements is true about gene expression?
a.
“6” is a chemical modification to mRNA occurring after transcription.
b.
“7” is a molecule that is transcribed from DNA.
c.
“8” can be found bound to the rough E.R.
d.
Both (a) and (b) are true.
e.
All statements are true.
 

 21. 
Which of the following statements describe processes in the diagram that are exclusive to eukaryotes?
a.
Splicing of intron sequences from the mRNA.
b.
Addition of cap and tails to mRNA.
c.
The transfer of amino acids to the ribosome by tRNA.
d.
Both (a) and (b).
e.
All of the above.
 

 22. 
Which of the following statements is true?
a.
The enzyme labeled 2 makes new DNA.
b.
The molecule marked 3 is a chain of amino acids.
c.
The molecule marked 7 is a chain of nucleotides.
d.
The structure marked 8 is a membrane-bound organelle.
e.
None of the above statements are true.
 

 23. 
The entire process ensures which of the following?
a.
The genetic code of DNA is conserved and unaltered even after gene expression.
b.
The genetic code of DNA can be used repeatedly without “using up” DNA.
c.
The ribosome and tRNA converts the sequence of nucleotides copied from DNA to determine a specific sequence of amino acids.
d.
Proteins are created using the genetic code of DNA.
e.
All of the above.
 
 
The following image represents a prokaryotic gene. The highlighted regions corresponds to different components of the gene including- promoter, coding region, and terminator. Use the image to answer the following questions.


nar008-1.jpg
 

 24. 
Which of the following terms best corresponds to the arrow highlighting area 1?
a.
DNA
b.
RNA
c.
Amino acid sequence
d.
Coding DNA
e.
Both A and D are appropriate to describe area 1
 

 25. 
The regions of the diagram highlighted by “2” are regions that enable RNA polymerase binding and thus enabling the beginning of the process of transcription. Which of the following statement is NOT correct regarding the area indicated by arrow 2?
a.
can be called the promoter region
b.
can be called the -35 and -10 region
c.
contains non coding DNA
d.
can be described as the terminator region
e.
none of the above statements are correct
 

 26. 
Which arrow highlights where transcription begins?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
5
e.
6
 

 27. 
Which arrow most likely corresponds to the site which corresponds to the “start” of the process of translation?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
5
e.
6
 

 28. 
The mRNA transcript will be generated from copying DNA into RNA between which arrows?
a.
1 to 7
b.
2 to 7
c.
3 to 7
d.
6 to 4
e.
3 to 5
 

 29. 
Which of the following arrows corresponds to NON-CODING DNA?
a.
1, 2, 3, 6
b.
1, 2, 5
c.
1, 4, 6
d.
4 ,6
e.
4, 6, 7
 

 30. 
Which of the following choices best corresponds to the ORF of the DNA?
a.
between 1 and 2
b.
between 1 and 7
c.
between 2 and 7
d.
between 6 and 4
e.
between 6 and 5
 
 
The diagram below traces the process of creating a double stranded DNA molecule (#8) from a eukaryotic gene (human insulin). Reminder: eukaryotic genes cannot be directly spliced into prokaryotic genomes due to the presence of intron and exons within  the eukaryotic genes.
nar009-1.jpg
 

 31. 
The actual start codon AUG would be found in ---.
a.
the insulin gene
b.
4
c.
5
d.
8
e.
all of the above
 

 32. 
The region highlighted by “4” is  most likely ---.
a.
starting point for replication
b.
transcription start site
c.
translation end point
d.
alternative splicing point
e.
 UTR
 

 33. 
Which best matches the number to the correct function?
a.
1.......transcription
b.
2......alternative splicing
c.
3.......reverse transcription
d.
4.......exon
e.
all of the above are true
 

 34. 
The RNA molecule is made up of how many strands?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
6
e.
12
 

 35. 
What is the form of RNA that carries the code from the DNA to the site where the protein is assembled?
a.
messenger RNA
b.
nuclear RNA
c.
ribosomal RNA
d.
transfer RNA
e.
structural RNA
 

 36. 
The relationship between strands of RNA and DNA is
a.
antagonistic.
b.
opposite.
c.
complementary.
d.
an exact duplicate.
e.
unrelated.
 

 37. 
Transcription
a.
occurs on the surface of the ribosome.
b.
is the final process in the assembly of a protein.
c.
occurs during the synthesis of any type of RNA from a DNA template.
d.
is catalyzed by DNA polymerase.
e.
all of these
 

 38. 
In transcription
a.
several amino acids are assembled by the messenger RNA molecules at one time.
b.
a special sequence called a promoter is necessary for transcription to begin.
c.
certain polypeptide sequences are governed by one ribosome, while other sequences are produced by other ribosomes.
d.
the transfer RNA molecules arrange the messenger RNA codons into the appropriate sequence.
e.
none of these
 

 39. 
If the DNA triplets were ATG-CGT, the tRNA anticodons would be
a.
AUGCGU.
b.
ATGCGT.
c.
UACGCA.
d.
UAGCGU.
e.
none of these
 
 
The following diagram shows a sequence of a reaction.  The numbers 1through 4 identify different parts of the overall structure.
nar010-1.jpg
 

 40. 
This reaction is facilitated by which structure in the cell?
a.
DNA polymerase
b.
RNA polymerase
c.
Ribosome
d.
Nucleus
e.
Hydrolase
 



 
         Start Over