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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Lynn Margulis and other biologists believe that
a.
the mitochondrial DNA code was a parallel but more ancient code than nuclear DNA.
b.
mitochondria were at one time separate, free-living organisms similar to bacteria, rather than organelles.
c.
mitochondria were obligate symbionts, with both the mitochondrion and the cell it inhabited benefiting from the relationship.
d.
all of these
e.
none of these
 

 2. 
The vast majority of people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were
a.
not affected at all by the disease.
b.
subjected to some environmental toxin that caused the disease in their children.
c.
slightly affected by the disease, showing some but not all of the symptoms.
d.
both affected by the disease.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 3. 
Genes located close together on the same chromosomes are referred to as __________ genes and generally __________.
a.
linked . . . do not sort independently during meiosis
b.
associated . . . sort independently during meiosis
c.
homologous . . . are inherited together
d.
linked . . . sort independently during meiosis
e.
codependent . . . do not sort independently during meiosis
 

 4. 
Linked genes generally
a.
follow the laws of independent assortment.
b.
show incomplete dominance.
c.
show pleiotropy.
d.
reflect a pattern of codominance.
e.
do not follow the laws of independent assortment.
 

 5. 
Any gene located on a sex chromosome
a.
will exhibit pleiotropy.
b.
is called a sex-linked gene.
c.
will exhibit codominance.
d.
is called a recessive gene.
e.
is called a dominant allele.
 

 6. 
Why are sex-linked conditions more common in men than in women?
a.
Women simply do not develop the disease regardless of their genetic composition.
b.
The sex chromosomes are more active in men than in women.
c.
Men acquire two copies of the defective gene during fertilization.
d.
Men need to inherit only one copy of the recessive allele for the condition to be fully expressed.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 7. 
Which one of the following is false?
a.
One RNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure.
b.
RNA is a nucleic acid.
c.
RNA uses the sugar dextrose.
d.
RNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil.
e.
RNA molecules have a sugar-phosphate backbone.
 

 8. 
Which one of the following is false?
a.
DNA molecules have a sugar-phosphate backbone.
b.
DNA uses the sugar deoxyribose.
c.
DNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil.
d.
DNA is a nucleic acid.
e.
One DNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure.
 

 9. 
If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be
a.
GCCTAG.
b.
GCCAUC.
c.
GCCATG.
d.
TAACGT.
e.
CGGTAC.
 

 10. 
The copying mechanism of DNA is most like
a.
using a photographic negative to make a positive image.
b.
threading beads onto a string.
c.
carving a figure out of wood.
d.
joining together links to make a chain.
e.
mixing flour, sugar, and water to make bread dough.
 

 11. 
The directions for each amino acid in a polypeptide are indicated by a codon that consists of __________ nucleotide(s) in an RNA molecule.
a.
2
b.
4
c.
3
d.
1
e.
5
 

 12. 
If you commit a crime, you need to make sure that you do not leave even the smallest speck of blood, hair, etc., from your body behind because if you do, the DNA in this material can be amplified by __________, subjected to genetic analysis, and used to identify you as the perpetrator of the crime.
a.
blotting
b.
PCR
c.
RFLP
d.
reverse transcriptase
e.
ATP
 

 13. 
The polymerase chain reaction relies upon unusual, heat-resistant __________ that were isolated from bacteria living in hot springs.
a.
mRNA
b.
phages
c.
plasmids
d.
restriction enzymes
e.
DNA polymerase molecules
 

 14. 
Which of the following constitutes a basic, modern definition of a sexually reproducing species?
a.
a group of individuals who resemble each other, on average, more than they resemble anything else
b.
the smallest unit that can engage in microevolution
c.
a group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
d.
a group of individuals who interbreed
e.
a group of individuals living in the same place at the same time
 

 15. 
A change in the relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population is called
a.
diversifying selection.
b.
microevolution.
c.
genetic drift.
d.
directional selection.
e.
mutation.
 

 16. 
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, homozygous dominant individuals in a population are represented by
a.
mc016-1.jpg.
b.
2pq.
c.
mc016-2.jpg.
d.
q or p.
e.
None of the choices are correct.
 

 17. 
Fitness increases when an organism
a.
lives for a long time.
b.
survives many hardships.
c.
is stronger than the other organisms in its community.
d.
passes on a greater proportion of its genes to the next generation.
e.
is disease-free.
 

 18. 
Gel electrophoresis
a.
separates fragments of DNA based on their net charge
b.
separates fragments of DNA based on their base pair size
c.
separates fragments of DNA based on their net weight
d.
Both (b) and (c) are correct
e.
All above choices are correct.
 

 19. 
In mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes during G1, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?
a.
64
b.
32
c.
16
d.
8
e.
4
 

 20. 
Cells with two sets of genetic information are described by the term
a.
polyploid.
b.
diploid.
c.
triploid.
d.
haploid.
e.
tetraploid.
 

 21. 
The distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during
a.
prokaryotic fission.
b.
mitosis.
c.
meiosis.
d.
cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division).
e.
karyokinesis.
 
 
Use the diagram to answer the following questions.

nar001-1.jpg
 

 22. 
The flow of genetic information in a cell can be primarily described as DNA®RNA®Protein.  Which of the following combinations represents this pathway?
a.
1, 2, 3
b.
1, 4, 2
c.
2, 5, 3
d.
3, 2, 1
e.
1, 1, 2
 
 
Answer the following questions based on the diagram below:
nar002-1.jpg
 

 23. 
Chromatin is found in which stage?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
DNA is diffused into chromatin in all stages.
 

 24. 
Which stage is characterized by the condensing of DNA into chromosomes and the breakdown of the nuclear membrane?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
None of the above.
 
 
Answer the following questions based on this graph and images:

The following graph was created using data collected through the “Natural Selection” done in class.  The “beans” used to simulate the prey population are diagramed below.

nar003-1.jpg
 

 25. 
The y axis (left side) represents which of the following?
a.
The allele frequency of the gene affecting “color”.
b.
The frequency of each “prey” phenotype.
c.
The number of each “prey” phenotype left in each generation.
d.
The fitness level of each phenotype.
e.
The effectiveness of each “predator” group to capture the “prey”.
 

 26. 
Which would be the most appropriate title for this graph (what is the data actually showing)?
a.
Change in phenotypic frequency in prey population due to natural selection.
b.
Change in allele frequency in prey population due to natural selection.
c.
Percentage of each phenotype remaining after each generation.
d.
Survival of the fittest due to natural selection.
e.
The Bean Lab.
 
 
The following four diagrams show the structures of different molecules.  Answer the following questions based on your ability to identify them.

nar004-1.jpg
 

 27. 
Which diagram represents the monomer units of proteins?
a.
1.
b.
2.
c.
3.
d.
4.
e.
Both (2) and (4)
 
 
Using diagrams below answer the following questions.
nar005-1.jpg
 

 28. 
Which of the above diagrams show an unsaturated fat?
a.
1, 4, 5, 6
b.
2, 3, 1
c.
1, 2, 6, 4
d.
5, 3, 1
e.
all of the above
 
 
Using the diagram answer the following questions.

nar006-1.jpg
 

 29. 
Which of the following terms best describes this molecule?
a.
fatty acid
b.
saturated fatty acid
c.
polypeptide
d.
phospholipid
e.
triglyceride
 

 30. 
Diploid organisms
a.
have corresponding alleles on homologous chromosomes.
b.
are usually the result of the fusion of two haploid gametes.
c.
have two sets of chromosomes.
d.
have pairs of homologous chromosomes.
e.
all of these
 



 
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